Differences in Patient Access to Newly Approved Antibacterial Drugs in EU/EEA Countries.

Unlabelled: The introduction of antibiotics in the beginning of the 20th century was one of the most important scientific breakthroughs in history. However, in recent decades, the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has shown the limitations of the current research and development programs for new antimicrobial drugs. In the last decade, 20 antibiotics, 7 β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations and 4 non-traditional antibacterial drugs have been launched worldwide.

Recent Advances in Amperometric Biosensors for Medical Applications: A Mini-Review.

Amperometric biosensors have emerged as a cutting-edge technology in clinical diagnostics, thanks to their high level of sensitivity, rapid analytical results, compact size, and ability to monitor health parameters non-invasively and continuously using flexible and wearable sensors. This review explores the latest developments in the field of amperometric biosensing for medical applications. It discusses the materials used to construct these sensors and pays particular attention to biosensors designed to measure glucose, lactate, cholesterol, urea, and uric acid levels.

TEGEST as promising tool for assessing the risk of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are often neglected and undiagnosed. There are known risk factors for these disorders (e.g.

Polyneuropathy in systemic sclerosis: exploring the causes and biomarkers.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement; however, the contribution of the nervous system (NS) remains relatively understudied. There are no specific data on the role of the autoimmune response and inflammation in the development of peripheral nerve system (PNS) damage in SSc and markers to assess this damage have yet to be identified.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to define the autoimmune mechanisms that lead to neuropathy by identifying antibodies (Abs) that target certain component of the NS or are associated with SSc.

Multifunctional piezoelectric surfaces enhanced with layer-by-layer coating for improved osseointegration and antibacterial performance.

Implant failure is primarily caused by poor osseointegration and bacterial colonization, which demands readmissions and revision surgeries to correct it. A novel approach involves engineering multifunctional interfaces using piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) materials, which mimic bone tissue's electroactive properties to promote bone integration and provide antibacterial functionality when mechanically stimulated. In this study, PVDF films were coated with antibacterial essential oil nanoparticles and antibiofilm enzymes using a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach to ensure antibacterial properties even without mechanical stimulation.

TriplEP-CPP: Algorithm for Predicting the Properties of Peptide Sequences.

Advancements in medicine and pharmacology have led to the development of systems that deliver biologically active molecules inside cells, increasing drug concentrations at target sites. This improves effectiveness and duration of action and reduces side effects on healthy tissues. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) show promise in this area.

Surgical and/ or conservative treatment improves quality of life (EHP-30) in patients with endometriosis.

Aim: To investigate the quality of life of women with endometriosis before treatment and 3 months after the start of surgical and/or conservative treatment.

Sample And Methodology: The sample comprised of 38 patients, of whom 26 underwent surgical treatment, 6 had pharmacological treatment, and 6 had both surgical and pharmacological treatment. The Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) questionnaire in the Czech version and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) were used to assess quality of life.

Exploring moral competence regression: a narrative approach in medical ethics education for medical students.

Background: Studies from different countries report a stagnation or regression of moral competence in medical students between the first and the last year of their studies, and the value of various educational interventions remains uncertain.

Methods: We used Moral Competence Test (MCT) to measure C-scores of moral competence to determine the change in the MCT C-scores between the first- and the fifth-year medical students from two medical schools in the Czech Republic in the academic year 2022/2023 and to analyze factors associated with the C-scores (observational study). In addition, for the first-year students, we compared the results of the MCT before and after an intervention in medical ethics curriculum (interventional study).

Medical occupational check-ups during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union.

Given the enormous scale of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the healthcare sector, limited human resource capacity, and efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19, occupational health protection could not escape changes. The aim was to identify and compare the regulations regarding the provision of medical occupational check-ups (MOCs) during the pandemic in all European Union member states (EU MS). The study employed the Delphi method, involving experts from EU MS to assess MOC regulations between January 2020 and May 2021.

Interleukin-6-Positive Immune Cells as a Possible New Immunologic Marker Associated With the Colorectal Cancer Prognosis.

Chronic inflammation creates tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and tumor progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic effect on CRC development. We aimed to evaluate IL-6 expression in tumor cells and in immune cells in TME, to assess the serum level and IL6 -174 G/C genotype distribution and to correlate the results with selected morphologic and clinical parameters that may add useful information in understanding the mechanisms of human CRC progression.

Atypical dermoid cyst of the corpus callosum: a case report.

Background: Intracranial dermoid cysts (DCs) represent an infrequent subset of congenital ectodermal inclusion cysts predominantly observed near the midline structures. In spite of their benign nature, they can cause clinical manifestations, necessitating surgical removal as the main therapeutic measure.

Case Report: We present here an extremely rare case characterized by a radiologically atypical dermoid cyst located within the corpus callosum, an extremely rare location for such tumors.

CCR5/CXCR3 antagonist TAK-779 prevents diffuse alveolar damage of the lung in the murine model of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), secondary to viral pneumonitis, is one of the main causes of high mortality in patients with COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019)-ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection- reached more than 0.7 billion registered cases. Recently, we elaborated a non-surgical and reproducible method of the unilateral total diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) of the left lung in ICR mice-a publicly available imitation of the ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Immunogenic and Protective Properties of Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H5N8) Virus.

In this study, we characterized recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H5N8) virus produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1s). Immunochemical analysis showed that the recombinant hemagglutinin was recognized by the serum of ferrets infected with influenza A (H5N8) virus, indicating that its antigenic properties were retained. Two groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with intramuscular injection of recombinant hemagglutinin or propiolactone inactivated A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus.

Protecting the Antibacterial Coating of Urinal Catheters for Improving Safety.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are among the most common bacterial infections associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare expenditures. Despite recent advances in the prevention and treatment of these infections, there are still many challenges remaining, among them the creation of a durable catheter coating, which prevents bacterial biofilm formation. The current work reports on a method of protecting medical tubing endowed with antibiofilm properties.

Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) for capturing stage at diagnosis for pancreatic carcinoma in Australia.

Introduction: Stage of pancreatic carcinoma at diagnosis is a strong prognostic indicator of morbidity and mortality, yet is poorly notified to population-based cancer registries ("cancer registries"). Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) provides a method for cancer registries to use available data sources to compile and record stage in a consistent way. This project describes the development and validation of rules to capture RD-Stage (pancreatic carcinoma) and applies the rules to data currently captured in each Australian cancer registry.

Registry-derived stage (RD-Stage) for capturing cancer stage at diagnosis for endometrial cancer.

Background: Capture of cancer stage at diagnosis is important yet poorly reported by health services to population-based cancer registries. In this paper we describe current completeness of stage information for endometrial cancer available in Australian cancer registries; and develop and validate a set of rules to enable cancer registry medical coders to calculate stage using data available to them (registry-derived stage or 'RD-Stage').

Methodology: Rules for deriving RD-stage (Endometrial carcinoma) were developed using the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) TNM (tumour, nodes, metastasis) Staging System (8 Edition).

Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Different Regimens of 12 Months Rifaximin-Alfa Therapy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Unlabelled: It is a matter of current interest which rifaximin-α regimens in patients with liver cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy are the most efficient.

Study Objective: to evaluate the effect of various rifaximin-α regimens for 12 months on clinical and laboratory parameters and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Methods: It was a multicenter, prospective, open-label, observational study that included 288 patients with liver cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy of both sexes over the age of 18 years, who were prescribed a 12-month course of treatment with rifaximin-α in accordance with the product label.

Molecular detection and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 and bluetongue virus 9 in forest flies (Hippobosca equina) collected from livestock in southern Kazakhstan.

Keds are hematophagous ectoparasites of animals belonging to the family Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea). Because of their importance as vectors of some pathogens of medical and veterinary importance, they have received special attention. There are numerous studies demonstrating the presence of various parasites and pathogenic bacteria in keds.

Indoor radon concentrations in kindergartens in three Bulgarian districts.

This article examines the results of a study of radon concentrations in kindergartens in three districts of north-western Bulgaria. For the period from December 2019 to May 2020, passive radon measurements were accomplished in 1490 premises of 130 kindergartens. The highest arithmetic mean (AM) value of 219 Bq m and geometric mean (GM) value of 156 Bq m radon concentration were found in the state kindergartens of the Vratsa district.

Molecular and serological survey of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle in Kazakhstan.

The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection and to assess the population immunity in cattle vaccinated against BVDV in different regions of Kazakhstan. Cattle samples were collected in 12 oblasts (43 districts) of Kazakhstan. A total of 2477 cattle from 114 herds and 21 Bukhara deer (Cervus elaphus bactrianus) were examined by ELISA and conventional RT-PCR.