The Putative Antilipogenic Role of NRG4 and ERBB4: First Expression Study on Human Liver Samples.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (ERBB4) and neuregulin 4 (NRG4) have been shown to reduce steatosis and prevent the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mouse models, but little to nothing is known about their role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. This study is the first to investigate the expression of and mRNAs and their role in lipid metabolism in the livers of individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes and biopsy-proven NAFLD.

Methods: Liver biospecimens were obtained intraoperatively from 80 individuals.

Infrared Spectral Patterns of Thyroglobulin Bearing Thyroiditogenic Epitopes.

Thyroglobulin is a major autoantigen to which autoimmune response, destroying the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is directed. To detect a pathological autoimmune response to thyroglobulin, as well as the successful induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroglobulin carrying thyroiditogenic epitopes is necessary. It is not known which features of thyroglobulin structure determine the presence of thyroiditogenic epitopes and can serve as markers of their presence.

Onset of quantum thermalization in the Jahn-Teller model.

We investigate the onset of quantum thermalization in a system governed by the Jahn-Teller Hamiltonian, which describes the interaction between a single spin and two bosonic modes. We find that the Jahn-Teller model exhibits a finite-size quantum phase transition between the normal phase and two types of super-radiant phase when the ratios of spin-level splitting to each of the two bosonic frequencies grow to infinity. We test the prediction of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in the Jahn-Teller model.

Dysprosium-Doped Glass-Ceramics From the System NaO-AlO-SiO-BO-DyO.

Glasses from the system NaO-AlO-SiO-BO-DyO are prepared with three different concentrations of the Dy ion-0.5, 1, and 2 at%. Glass-ceramics are obtained after thermal treatment of the parent glass at 580°С and 630°С during 2, 5, and 24 h.

Calcium signaling from damaged lysosomes induces cytoprotective stress granules.

Lysosomal damage induces stress granule (SG) formation. However, the importance of SGs in determining cell fate and the precise mechanisms that mediate SG formation in response to lysosomal damage remain unclear. Here, we describe a novel calcium-dependent pathway controlling SG formation, which promotes cell survival during lysosomal damage.

[Catatonia as a presentation of major depressive disorder in the eldery and differential diagnosis of consciousness impairment: A case report and literature review].

We report the case of an older female patient suffering from a subacute qualitative and quantitative alteration in the state of consciousness secondary to a major depressive disorder with catatonic features. We discuss and review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of catatonia in older adults from the internist's point of view.

PKM2-G-quadruplex interactions conspire to regulate the cancer transcriptome.

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Anastasakis et al. describe a novel function of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 as an RNA G-quadruplex binding protein, which could contribute to cancer biology.

Stress granule formation enables anchorage-independence survival in cancer cells.

Unlabelled: Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic structures assembled in response to various stress stimuli that enhance cell survival under adverse environmental conditions. Here we show that SGs contribute to breast cancer progression by enhancing the survival of cells subjected to anoikis stress. SG assembly is triggered by inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) or loss of adhesion signals.

Random matrix theory approach to quantum Fisher information in quantum ergodic systems.

We theoretically investigate quantum parameter estimation in quantum chaotic systems. Our analysis is based on an effective description of quantum ergodic systems in terms of a random matrix Hamiltonian. Based on this approach, we derive an analytical expression for the time evolution of the quantum Fisher information (QFI), which we find to have three distinct timescales.

Age-related breakdown in networks of inter-muscular coordination.

Assessing inter-muscular coordination in older adults is crucial, as it directly impacts an individual's ability for independent functioning, injury prevention, and active engagement in daily activities. However, the precise mechanisms by which distinct muscle fiber types synchronize their activity across muscles to generate coordinated movements in older adults remain unknown. Our objective is to investigate how distinct muscle groups dynamically synchronize with each other in young and older adults during exercise.

Repurposing tRNA isodecoders for non-canonical functions via tRNA cleavage.

Unlabelled: Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the key adaptor molecules aiding protein synthesis. Hundreds of tRNA genes are found in the human genome but the biological significance of this genetic excess is still enigmatic. The tRNA repertoires are variable between tissues and cells as well as during development.

Stereotactic high-dose irradiation for intramedullary metastases.

Unlabelled: Intramedullary metastases (IMM) lead to severe neurological symptoms. They are extremely rare in clinical practice. Optimal management of such patients is not clearly defined.

The Influence of High-Energy Milling on the Phase Formation, Structural, and Photoluminescent Properties of CaWO Nanoparticles.

CaWO nanoparticles were obtained by facile mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature, applying two different milling speeds. Additionally, a solid-state reaction was employed to assess the phase composition, structural, and optical characteristics of CaWO. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transition electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman, infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) reflectance, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies.

UBAP2L contributes to formation of P-bodies and modulates their association with stress granules.

Stress triggers the formation of two distinct cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates: stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), both of which may contribute to stress-responsive translation regulation. Though PBs can be present constitutively, stress can increase their number and size and lead to their interaction with stress-induced SGs. The mechanism of such interaction, however, is largely unknown.

Exploring the Biosafety Potential of Friv. Culture Total Ethanol Extract: A Comprehensive Assessment of Genotoxicity, Mitotoxicity, and Cytotoxicity for Therapeutic Applications.

The escalating elderly population worldwide has prompted a surge of interest in longevity medicine. Its goal is to interfere with the speed of ageing by slowing it down or even reversing its accompanying effects. As a field, it is rapidly growing and spreading into different branches.

Role of the Locus Coeruleus Arousal Promoting Neurons in Maintaining Brain Criticality across the Sleep-Wake Cycle.

Sleep control depends on a delicate interplay among brain regions. This generates a complex temporal architecture with numerous sleep-stage transitions and intermittent fluctuations to micro-states and brief arousals. These temporal dynamics exhibit hallmarks of criticality, suggesting that tuning to criticality is essential for spontaneous sleep-stage and arousal transitions.

Stress granule-mediated sequestration of EGR1 mRNAs correlates with lomustine-induced cell death prevention.

Some chemotherapy drugs modulate the formation of stress granules (SGs), which are RNA-containing cytoplasmic foci contributing to stress response pathways. How SGs mechanistically contribute to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic functions must be better defined. The chemotherapy drug lomustine promotes SG formation by activating the stress-sensing eIF2α kinase HRI (encoded by the EIF2AK1 gene).

Optimization of Electrospray Deposition Conditions of ZnO Thin Films for Ammonia Sensing.

This study focuses on the influence of electrospray deposition parameters on the morphology, topography, optical and sensing properties of ZnO films deposited on gold electrodes of quartz crystal resonators. The substrate temperature, precursor feed rate and emitter's voltage were varied. Zinc acetate dehydrate dissolved in a mixture of deionized water, ethanol and acetic acid was used as a precursor.

TADF Blue Emitters with Balanced π-Conjugation─Design, Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and a Model OLED with 8-(5-(-Butyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-,-bis(4-(-butyl)phenyl)dibenzo[,]furan-2-amine.

Blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) suffer from relatively short lifetimes and a comparatively low lighting efficiency. One of the approaches to improving their characteristics is the development of luminophores with the potential for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Herein, a set of donor-spacer-acceptor compounds with potential for TADF are designed, synthesized, and computationally and spectroscopically characterized.

Unlocking the Uterine Code: Microbiota, Immune Cells, and Therapy for Recurrent Reproductive Failure.

The uterine microbiota has been the subject of increasing study, but its interaction with the local immune system remains unclear. Successful embryo implantation relies on endometrial receptivity, which is pivotal for immunological tolerance to fetal antigens and precise regulation of inflammatory mediators. Emerging data suggest a dynamic interplay between endometrial microflora and the immune system, making dysbiosis a potential determinant of pregnancy outcomes.