Convergent-beam attosecond x-ray crystallography.

Sub-ångström spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond to few-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation, such as by soft X-rays. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these dynamics to be controlled. Here, we propose to reach this realm by employing convergent-beam x-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a hard-x-ray free-electron laser.

Fast and efficient hard X-ray projection imaging below 10 nm resolution.

High-resolution X-ray imaging of noncrystalline objects is often achieved through the approach of scanning coherent diffractive imaging known as ptychography. The imaging resolution is usually limited by the scattering properties of the sample, where weak diffraction signals at the highest scattering angles compete with parasitic scattering. Here, we demonstrate that X-ray multilayer Laue lenses with a high numerical aperture (NA) can be used to create a strong reference beam that holographically boosts weak scattering from the sample over a large range of scattering angles, enabling high-resolution imaging that is tolerant of such background.

A Urease-Based pH Photoswitch: A General Route to Light-to-pH Transduction.

New approaches for the integration of chemical and physical stimuli to control the dynamics of artificial enzymatic reaction networks (ERNs) are needed. Here, we present a general approach to convert a light stimulus into a time-programmed pH response. We developed and characterized a panel of photoswitchable inhibitors of urease.

Identification of Granatane Alkaloids from (Solanaceae) using Molecular Networking and Semisynthesis.

The Solanaceae plant family contains at least 98 genera and over 2700 species. The genus stands out for its ability to produce pyridine and tropane alkaloids, which are relatively poorly characterized at the phytochemical level. In this study, we analyzed dried leaves of using supercritical CO extraction and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, followed by feature-based molecular networking.

X-ray focusing below 3 nm with aberration-corrected multilayer Laue lenses.

Multilayer Laue lenses are volume diffractive optical elements for hard X-rays with the potential to focus beams to sizes as small as 1 nm. This ability is limited by the precision of the manufacturing process, whereby systematic errors that arise during fabrication contribute to wavefront aberrations even after calibration of the deposition process based on wavefront metrology. Such aberrations can be compensated by using a phase plate.

Developing a Predictive Model for Metastatic Potential in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Context: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) exhibit a wide range of behavior from localized disease to aggressive metastasis. A comprehensive transcriptomic profile capable of differentiating between these phenotypes remains elusive.

Objective: Use machine learning to develop predictive models of PNET metastatic potential dependent upon transcriptomic signature.

Exploring Emergent Properties in Enzymatic Reaction Networks: Design and Control of Dynamic Functional Systems.

The intricate and complex features of enzymatic reaction networks (ERNs) play a key role in the emergence and sustenance of life. Constructing such networks enables stepwise build up in complexity and introduces the opportunity to control enzymatic activity using physicochemical stimuli. Rational design and modulation of network motifs enable the engineering of artificial systems with emergent functionalities.

Correction to "Quantification and Mapping of Alkylation in the Human Genome Reveal Single Nucleotide Resolution Precursors of Mutational Signatures".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01100.

Blood and urine multi-omics analysis of the impact of e-vaping, smoking, and cessation: from exposome to molecular responses.

Cigarette smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. While quitting smoking is the best option, switching from cigarettes to non-combustible alternatives (NCAs) such as e-vapor products is a viable harm reduction approach for smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke. A key challenge for the clinical assessment of NCAs is that self-reported product use can be unreliable, compromising the proper evaluation of their risk reduction potential.

Nonsteady-State Electric Circuit in Electrophoresis on Paper: Thermal Consideration of Electrophoretic Lateral-Flow Assays.

Nonsteady-state behaviors are not expected in electric circuits that lack significant capacitance, inductivity, and/or active feedback. Here, we report that electrophoresis on paper─used, e.g.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Nicotiana tomentosiformis.

The Solanaceae species Nicotiana tabacum, an economically important crop plant cultivated worldwide, is an allotetraploid species that appeared about 200,000 years ago as the result of the hybridization of diploid ancestors of Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis. The previously published genome assemblies for these three species relied primarily on short-reads, and the obtained pseudochromosomes only partially covered the genomes. In this study, we generated annotated de novo chromosome-level genomes of N.

Culturable Bacterial Endophytes of Wild White Poplar ( L.) Roots: A First Insight into Their Plant Growth-Stimulating and Bioaugmentation Potential.

The white poplar ( L.) has good potential for a green economy and phytoremediation. Bioaugmentation using endophytic bacteria can be considered as a safe strategy to increase poplar productivity and its resistance to toxic urban conditions.

Towards user-centric BCI design: Markov chain-based user assessment for mental imagery EEG-BCIs.

While electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have many potential clinical applications, their use is impeded by poor performance for many users. To improve BCI performance, either via enhanced signal processing or user training, it is critical to understand and describe each user's ability to perform mental control tasks and produce discernible EEG patterns. While classification accuracy has predominantly been used to assess user performance, limitations and criticisms of this approach have emerged, thus prompting the need to develop novel user assessment approaches with greater descriptive capability.

Corrigendum: Riemannian geometry-based metrics to measure and reinforce user performance changes during brain-computer interface user training.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.

Hook. Genome Contains Two Cellular T-DNAs with Functional Genes.

-mediated transformation leads to the formation of crown galls or hairy roots on infected plants. These effects develop due to the activity of T-DNA genes, gathered on a big plasmid, acquired from agrobacteria during horizontal gene transfer. However, a lot of plant species are known to contain such sequences, called cellular T-DNAs (cT-DNAs), and maintain normal phenotypes.

[Prevention of bleeding in polypectomy].

Objective: To improve early treatment outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal polyps using a new device designed for prevention of bleeding during endoscopic minimally invasive polypectomy.

Material And Methods: A prospective trial included 35 patients with 36 colonic polyps (stalk diameter >5 mm). Polyp ligation procedure was performed using a novel device providing delivery and tightening the knot before polypectomy.

Chromosome-scale assemblies of , and provide insights into the evolution of genomes.

is a large and diverse tree genus in the Myrtaceae family. Genome assemblies for clove (, 370 Mb) and sea apple (, 405 Mb) provided the first insights into the genomic features and evolution of the genus. Here, we present additional chromosome-scale genome assemblies for , and Genome profiling analyses show that , like and , is diploid (2n = 2x = 22), while the , , and specimens are autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 44).

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with oncological diseases: State-of-the-art.

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared to be no longer "a public health emergency of international concern" with its wide range of clinical manifestations and late complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection proved to be a serious threat, especially to the elderly and patients with comorbidities. Patients with oncologic diseases are vulnerable to severe infection and death. Indeed, patients with oncohematological diseases have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and impaired post-vaccination immunity.

[Endoscopic prevention of bleeding during resection of mucous membrane neoplasms of hollow organs of gastrointestinal tract].

Objective: To optimize endoscopic prevention of bleeding during resection of mucous membrane neoplasms of hollow organs of gastrointestinal tract and minimize the risk of intra- and postoperative complications.

Material And Methods. A S: Ystematic review and meta-analysis were made in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.

Membrane-Targeting Perylenylethynylphenols Inactivate Medically Important Coronaviruses via the Singlet Oxygen Photogeneration Mechanism.

Perylenylethynyl derivatives have been recognized as broad-spectrum antivirals that target the lipid envelope of enveloped viruses. In this study, we present novel perylenylethynylphenols that exhibit nanomolar or submicromolar antiviral activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) in vitro. Perylenylethynylphenols incorporate into viral and cellular membranes and block the entry of the virus into the host cell.

Suppression of pyrrolidine ring biosynthesis and its effects on gene expression and subsequent accumulation of anatabine in leaves of tobacco (N. tabacum L.).

Background: Anatabine, although being one of four major tobacco alkaloids, is never accumulated in high quantity in any of the naturally occurring species from the Nicotiana genus. Previous studies therefore focused on transgenic approaches to synthetize anatabine, most notably by generating transgenic lines with suppressed putrescine methyltransferase (PMT) activity. This led to promising results, but the global gene expression of plants with such distinct metabolism has not been analyzed.

Phage T3 overcomes the BREX defense through SAM cleavage and inhibition of SAM synthesis by SAM lyase.

Bacteriophage T3 encodes a SAMase that, through cleavage of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), circumvents the SAM-dependent type I restriction-modification (R-M) defense. We show that SAMase also allows T3 to evade the BREX defense. Although SAM depletion weakly affects BREX methylation, it completely inhibits the defensive function of BREX, suggesting that SAM could be a co-factor for BREX-mediated exclusion of phage DNA, similar to its anti-defense role in type I R-M.

Comparative analysis of the Squamosa Promoter Binding-Like (SPL) gene family in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum.

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL) proteins constitute a large family of transcription factors known to play key roles in growth and developmental processes, including juvenile-to-adult and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions. This makes SPLs interesting targets for precision breeding in plants of the Nicotiana genus used as e.g.