Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Following First-Line Immune Checkpoint Therapy Failure: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: There is a significant gap in the literature concerning the effective management of second-line therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who have received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Most of the published articles were small multicenter series or phase 2 studies. To our knowledge, a systematic review that comprehensively outlines the range of treatment options available for patients with metastatic RCC who do not respond to first-line ICIs has not yet been conducted.

Localized prostate cancer in older patients: Radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy versus observation.

Introduction: This study evaluates the effects of radical prostatectomy (RP) or irradiation on overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in older patients with localized prostate cancer (PC).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review across PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception up to December 2023 to identify studies comparing the outcomes of surgery or radiotherapy (RT) versus observation in patients aged 65 and older with localized PC. We pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PCSM using random-effects models.

Duration of androgen deprivation with radiotherapy for high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate various outcomes of different lengths of androgen deprivation therapy in high- and very-high-risk prostate cancer, we conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized trials. The treatment of high-risk PC comprises the use of radical radiotherapy associated with various durations of androgen deprivation therapy, with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogues initiated during or immediately before the beginning of radiation.

Methods And Materials: This study followed the PRISMA extension statement to report network meta-analyses.

Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy in bladder cancer: biological opportunity or clinical utility?

In urothelial cancer of the bladder, the introduction of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents progress in the management of the disease's early and advanced stages. In particular, recent studies have implemented these drugs in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant phases to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In some studies, patients received neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors alone (PURE and ABACUS) to treat muscle invasive bladder cancer, whereas other studies provided this therapy to cisplatin-ineligible patients.

Red blood cell transfusions and the survival in patients with cancer undergoing curative surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Allogenic red blood cell transfusions exert a potential detrimental effect on the survival when delivered to cancer patients undergoing surgery with curative intent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between perioperative allogenic red blood cell transfusions and risk of death as well as relapse after surgery for localized solid tumors. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched from inception to March 2019 for studies reporting the outcome of patients receiving transfusions during radical surgery for non-metastatic cancer.

A Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines and Treatment Recommendations for Cancer Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably caused those involved in cancer care to change clinical practice in order to minimize the risk of infection while maintaining cancer treatment as a priority. General advice during the pandemic suggests that most patients continue with ongoing therapies or planned surgeries, while follow-up visits may instead be delayed until the resolution of the outbreak. We conducted a literature search using PubMed to identify articles published in English language that reported on care recommendations for cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from its inception up to 1st June 2020, using the terms "(cancer or tumor) AND (COVID 19)".

Treating metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: beyond immunotherapy.

First-line treatment for metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients with intermediate and poor-risk features consists of a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab + ipilimumab) or immunotherapy with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) drug (e.

Immunotherapy-based combinations versus standard first-line treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Considering the recent publication of the results of several clinical trials for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing standard first-line VEGFR-targeted therapy to immune checkpoint inhibitors-based combinations for mRCC patients.

Methods: 3960 patients from 5 randomized clinical trials where available for evaluation.

Result: In the all-comers population, immunotherapy-based combinations were able to decrease the risk of death over the standard of care by 26% (HR 0.

Active Surveillance for Low Risk Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Confirmatory and Resource Consumption Study from the BIAS Project.

Purpose: We investigated predictive factors of failure and performed a resource consumption analysis in patients who underwent active surveillance for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study monitored patients with a history of pathologically confirmed stage pTa (grade 1-2) or pT1a (grade 2) nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, and recurrent small size and number of tumors without hematuria and positive urine cytology. The primary end point was the failure rate of active surveillance.

From "gold standard" resection to reproducible "future standard" endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: what we know about anatomical enucleation.

Background: Open prostatectomy (OP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) have traditionally been the most common surgical approaches for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia causing bladder outlet obstruction and have certainly passed the test of time. In time, many endoscopic surgical procedures have been described as an alternative mini-invasive treatment. Holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) guaranteed functional outcomes similar to OP and TURP with lower perioperative complication rates for any prostate size.

Prognostic Factors of Overall Survival in Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Several prognostic factors that influence overall survival after radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma have been described. We have performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. The clinicopathological factors associated with an increased risk of death were age, multifocality, lymphovascular invasion, pT3-4 stage, pT2 vs View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Targeted Therapies: A Systematic Review With a Meta-Analysis.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) (resection of the primary tumor for debulking purposes) was considered to be an important part of oncological treatment when used with cytokines, and was associated with an overall survival (OS) benefit. However, the role of CN in the targeted therapy era is not well-defined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prognostic role of CN performed during the course of advanced disease in patients with mRCC treated with molecular agents.

Predictive Factors for Reclassification and Relapse in Prostate Cancer Eligible for Active Surveillance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the evidence on the predictors of the upgrading and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) in those patients with low-risk disease assigned to active surveillance (AS).

Materials And Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase databases was performed for all reports that included detailed results of multivariate analyses of the predictors of PC reclassification and biochemical relapse during AS. Cumulative analyses of available hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were conducted using the RevMan 5.

Radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy in high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one of the treatment options for localized, high-risk prostate cancer (PC), but it has never been compared with external beam radiotherapy (RT), which is an alternative approach, in a large randomized trial. To compare the outcomes of patients treated with surgery versus RT, we performed a metaanalysis of available studies on this topic.

Materials And Methods: We performed a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for randomized or observational studies that investigated overall survival (OS) and PC-specific mortality (PCSM) risks in relation to use of surgery or RT in patients with high-risk PC.

Correlation of pathologic complete response with survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer treated with cystectomy: a meta-analysis.

Context: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy (RC) is the preferred initial option for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BCa). As in rectal and breast cancer, pathologic downstaging is associated with increased overall survival (OS).

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether pathologic complete response (pCR) (pT0N0M0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a better outcome in muscle-invasive BCa.

A review of the recent evidence (2006-2008) for 532-nm photoselective laser vaporisation and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Context: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and 532-nm laser vaporisation of the prostate (with potassium titanyl phosphate [KTP] or lithium borate [LBO]) are promising alternatives to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and open prostatectomy (OP).

Objective: To assess safety, efficacy, and durability by analysing the most recent evidence of both techniques, aiming to identify advantages, pitfalls, and unresolved issues.

Evidence Acquisition: A Medline search of recently published data (2006-2008) regarding both techniques over the last 2 yr (January 2006 to September 2008) was performed using evidence obtained from randomised trials (level of evidence: 1b), well-designed controlled studies without randomisation (level of evidence: 2a), individual cohort studies (level of evidence: 2b), individual case control studies (level of evidence: 3), and case series (level of evidence: 4).

Holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection of the prostate: results from a 2-center prospective randomized trial in patients with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: To our knowledge we report the first multicenter, prospective, randomized study comparing holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) and transurethral prostate resection (TURP) for obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: From January to October 2002, 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized at 2 centers to surgical treatment with HoLEP (52 in group 1) or TURP (48 in group 2). Patients in the 2 groups were preoperatively assessed by scoring subjective symptoms questionnaires.

Non-hormone-induced mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney in a man: description of a rare case.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney is a recently recognized category of lesions occurring mostly in adult, middle-age women with a history of hormonal treatment. We present a rare case of a 58-year-old asymptomatic man without a history of hormonal treatment with a tumor characterized by proliferation of multiple cysts lined by single layers of epithelial cells and hypercellular stroma of spindle "ovarian-like" cells. Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells reacted against estrogen and progesterone receptors, vimentin, desmin, and CD34.

Three-year outcome following holmium laser enucleation of the prostate combined with mechanical morcellation in 330 consecutive patients.

Objectives: A prospective study to assess safety, efficacy, and medium-term durability of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) combined with mechanical morcellation for the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostate enlargement (BPE).

Methods: Between January 2000 and July 2003, 330 consecutive patients underwent HoLEP at our institution. All patients were pre-operatively assessed with transrectal ultrasound gland volume evaluation, maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)), international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), and the single-question quality of life (QoL).

Impact on sexual function of holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection of the prostate: results of a prospective, 2-center, randomized trial.

Purpose: We compared the impact of HoLEP and TURP on sexual function.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2002 and January 2003, 120 patients with a mean age +/- SD of 65.2 +/- 7.

Holmium laser enucleation versus transurethral resection of the prostate: results from a 2-center, prospective, randomized trial in patients with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: To our knowledge we report the first multicenter, prospective, randomized study comparing holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) and transurethral prostate resection (TURP) for obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: From January to October 2002, 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized at 2 centers to surgical treatment with HoLEP (52 in group 1) or TURP (48 in group 2). Patients in the 2 groups were preoperatively assessed by scoring subjective symptoms questionnaires.

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate combined with mechanical morcellation: two years of experience with 196 patients.

Background And Purpose: For 2 years, we followed a cohort of consecutive men who underwent holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) combined with mechanical morcellation to relieve bladder outlet obstruction with the goal of determining the safety, efficacy, and durability of this procedure.

Patients And Methods: From January 2000 to June 2001, 196 men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction were treated with HoLEP at our institution. A pulsed high-power 80 W holmium laser was used, with the enucleated tissue being removed with a transurethral mechanical morcellator.

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate combined with mechanical morcellation in 155 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objectives: To report our experience with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) combined with mechanical morcellation for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods: From January 2000 to May 2001, 155 consecutive patients with BPH underwent HoLEP combined with mechanical morcellation and were followed up for at least 6 months. A pulsed high-powered 80-W holmium-neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was used (power setting 2.