2-Cyanopropan-2-yl versus 1-Cyanocyclohex-1-yl Leaving Group: Comparing Reactivities of Symmetrical Trithiocarbonates in RAFT Polymerization.

This study introduces bis(1-cyanocyclohex-1-yl)trithiocarbonate (TTC-bCCH) as a novel trithiocarbonate chain transfer agent and compares its reactivity with the previously described bis(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)trithiocarbonate (TTC-bCP) for the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene (St), n-butyl acrylate (nBA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA). Significant findings include the effective control of M and low dispersities from the onset of polymerization of St and nBA showing swift addition-fragmentation kinetics, leading to similar behaviors between the two RAFT agents. In contrast, a fourfold decrease of the chain transfer constant to MMA is established for TTC-bCCH over TTC-bCP.

1,1'- Thiocarbonyldiimidazole Radical Copolymerization for the Preparation of Degradable Vinyl Polymers.

1,1'-Thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) readily undergoes radical copolymerization with -butyl acrylate (BA), ,-dimethylacrylamide, and styrene. H NMR monitoring of the comonomer reactivity revealed a notable compatibility between TCDI and comonomers, resulting in similar consumption rates when TCDI was introduced at a 10% feed ratio. Furthermore, trithiocarbonate-mediated RAFT copolymerization of TCDI with BA gave polymers that exhibited a linear increase of molar mass ( = 2-10 kg mol) with conversion with relatively low dispersities (1.

SWEET transporters of Medicago lupulina in the arbuscular-mycorrhizal system in the presence of medium level of available phosphorus.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi receive photosynthetic products and sugars from plants in exchange for contributing to the uptake of minerals, especially phosphorus, from the soil. The identification of genes controlling AM symbiotic efficiency may have practical application in the creation of highly productive plant-microbe systems. The aim of our work was to evaluate the expression levels of SWEET sugar transporter genes, the only family in which sugar transporters specific to AM symbiosis can be detected.

Azo-Derived Symmetrical Trithiocarbonate for Unprecedented RAFT Control.

Bis(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)trithiocarbonate () is a new symmetrical trithiocarbonate with the best leaving group ever reported for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. We propose an elegant route to obtain starting from 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as a donor of the 2-cyanopropan-2-yl group. allowed the preparation of a high-molar-mass ( ≈ 135 kg mol) methyl methacrylate--butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate triblock copolymer with unprecedented control ( = 1.

Rosin Derivatives as a Platform for the Antiviral Drug Design.

The increased complexity due to the emergence and rapid spread of new viral infections prompts researchers to search for potential antiviral and protective agents for mucous membranes among various natural objects, for example, plant raw materials, their individual components, as well as the products of their chemical modification. Due to their structure, resin acids are valuable raw materials of natural origin to synthesize various bioactive substances. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to confirm the possibility of using resin acid derivatives for the drug design.

Cyclamen europaeum improves the effect of oral antibiotics on exacerbations and recurrences of chronic rhinosinusitis: a real-life observational study (CHRONOS).

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses affecting 11% of the European population. Cyclamen europaeum plant extract (CE) has demonstrated efficacy in treating acute rhinosinusitis, but its role in CRS exacerbations remains unknown. In this real-life, prospective, epidemiological, observational study, a total of 317 patients with exacerbations of CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) of moderate severity were treated using three different options: oral antibiotics, CE extract nasal spray, or the combination of oral antibiotic with CE extract.

Heat shock protein HSP40 family chaperone DNAJB6/MRJ expression analysis in blood cells obtained from patients with atopic dermatitis in different phases.

Unlabelled: Heat shock protein HSP40 family molecular chaperone DNAJB6/MRJ expression has been analyzed in blood cells of patients with atopic dermatitis compared with healthy donors. Severity of disease was estimated according index SCORAD.

Methods: Peripheral blood cells were separated using Percoll density gradient.

[Investigation of the composition of biologically active substances in extracts of wild plants].

The article presents the research materials of composition and the properties of biologically active compounds of aqueous ethanolic extracts of wild plants. To obtain extracts, we used raw plants containing phenolic compounds and aromatic wild plants: the herb St. John's wort (Hypericum), thyme herba (Thymus vulgaris), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), oregano (Origanum vulgaris); leaves of sage (Salviae folium); rose hips (Rosae), hawthorn fructus (Crataegus) and fruits of mountain ash (Sorbus).

The microbiome of the maxillary sinus and middle nasal meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Aim: This multicenter study was focused on the identification of the microorganisms inhabiting the maxillary sinus and middle nasal meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Methodology: 112 middle meatus swabs and 112 maxillary sinus aspirates from 103 patients were available for culture.

Results: A total of 244 strains of microorganisms representing more than 50 families were identified in the maxillary sinus and middle nasal meatus (164 and 80, respectively).

[Are we ready for the growing threat of virus dependent cervical cancer and the initiation of screening in conditions of insurance medicine?].

The dynamics is presented of the rates of virus dependent diseases, in particular cervical cancer (CC), which are directly connected with the level of organization of screening and subsequent treatment of cancer. It is shown that in conditions of insurance medicine a reduction of examination rooms and female enrollment in cytology screening is observed. As a result, over the past 5 years, CC incidence in the Novgorod region increased 1.

[Chronic rhinosinusitis: epidemiology, classification, etiology, and pathogenesis. The current view of the problem].

The study of chronic rhinosinusitis is a challenging problem bearing in mind the ever-increasing morbidity and the lack of generally accepted criteria for diagnostics and treatment of this pathology. There is a great variety of factors predisposing to the development of chronic rhinosinusitis whereas its etiology remains controversial. Moreover, the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis remain to be elucidated despite a wealth of publications devoted to this problem The results of many evidence-based investigations are different and even conflicting.

Designing and testing of backflow-free catheters.

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a drug delivery technique used to target specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer while bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The application of CED is limited by low volumetric flow rate infusions in order to prevent the possibility of backflow. Consequently, a small convective flow produces poor drug distribution inside the treatment region, which can render CED treatment ineffective.

[20-year experience with laserofluorescent diagnostics in clinical microbiology].

Results of rapid laser-assisted identification of microorganisms for diagnostics of microbial processes based on auto-fluorescence effect in bacteria-containing materials are summarized. It is proposed to use the auto-fluorescence technique for express diagnostics of pyoinflammatory diseases, evaluation of microflora conditions (eubiosis, dysbiosis) and sensitivity to antibiotics, monitoring and prognostication, assessment of the quality of antibiotic therapy. Priority in the development of this medical technology for laserofluorescent diagnostics and its practical application is protected by 15 patents.

Methods for determining agent concentration profiles in agarose gel during convection-enhanced delivery.

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising technique to deliver large molecular weight drugs to the human brain for treatment of Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, or brain tumors. Researchers have used agarose gels to study mechanisms of agent transport in soft tissues like brain due to its similar mechanical and transport properties. However, inexpensive quantitative techniques to precisely measure achieved agent distribution in agarose gel phantoms during CED are missing.

Experimental techniques for studying poroelasticity in brain phantom gels under high flow microinfusion.

Convection enhanced delivery is an attractive option for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, and brain tumors. However, the occurrence of a backflow is a major problem impeding the widespread use of this technique. In this paper, we analyze experimentally the force impact of high flow microinfusion on the deformable gel matrix.

Reproducibility of classification and correction for verification bias as determinants of performance of Papanicolaou smear cytology in the screening setting: experience from the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union cohort study.

Objective: To assess impact on interlaboratory agreement of 2 optional modes to convert Papanicolaou classification to Bethesda System (TBS) and demonstrate effect of verification bias correction on test performance in the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union (NIS) cohort study.

Study Design: Conventional Pap smears were classified in NIS laboratories and rescreened in a reference center (RC) using modified Papanicolaou classification. Two optional methods (TBS1, TBS2) were used to convert original classification to TBS.

[Study of physical-chemical properties ot endodontic sealant Acroseal when different methods of root canal obturation].

Results of the study of physical-chemical properties of new endodontic sealant Acrosil (Septodent, France) were presented. The results of all used in the experiment tests corresponded with the existing standards. The received data were compared with the corresponding tests of endodontic sealant AH-Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Germany) and were analyzed statistically.

[Genetic mechanisms of E. coli cell stability to the antibiotics].

Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 posseesses the weak DNA-damage activity for the E. coli strain defective in UvrA gene participating in DNA reparation. Fumonisin B1 in the concentration 10(-5) M increases a resistance of wild type E.

Epidemiological, clinical and viral determinants of the increased prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in elderly women.

Background: Population-based studies have reported a second peak of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among women > 55 years, but reasons for this U-shaped HPV prevalence curve are poorly understood.

Objectives: To analyse determinants of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections among postmenopausal women.

Study Design And Methods: A cohort of 3,187 women was stratified into three age categories: i) youngest age group < 25 years (n = 1.

Age at menarche is not an independent risk factor for high-risk human papillomavirus infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Data are controversial as to the role of menarche age as a risk factor of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections. The objective of this study was to analyse the risk estimates for age at menarche as determinant of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and HR-HPV infections. A cohort of 3187 women were stratified into three groups according to their age at menarche: (i) women <13 years of age; (ii) those between 13 and 14 years and (iii) women >15 years of age.

[Avelox efficacy in the treatment of acute purulent rhinosinusitis].

Aim: To compare efficacy of avelox systemic antibiotic therapy with and without maxillary puncture in acute purulent rhinosinusitis (ARS).

Material And Methods: A total of 40 ARS patients were divided into two groups: puncture was not made in 20 patients of the study group and was made in 20 patients of the control group. Subjective assessment of rhinosinusitis symptoms was made by visual scale Kennedy-Lund, objective assessment was made by x-ray or CT findings.

Smoking is an independent risk factor for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections but not for high-grade CIN.

Background: Recent evidence implicates smoking as a risk factor for cervical cancer (CC), but the confounding from high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is not clear.

Objectives: To analyse the role of smoking as an independent predictor of CIN2+ and HR-HPV infections in a population-based prospective (NIS, New Independent States of former Soviet Union) cohort study.

Study Design And Methods: A cohort of 3,187 women was stratified into three groups according to their smoking status: (i) women who never smoked; (ii) those smoking in the past; and (iii) women who are current smokers.

Oral contraceptives are not an independent risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or high-risk human papillomavirus infections.

Background: Oral contraception (OC) has been proclaimed by the IARC as a risk factor of cervical cancer (CC), on prolonged use by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positive women. However, the available data are far from complete, and more evidence is necessary on the potential confounding effects of sexual behavior and HPV infection. The aim of the present was study to analyse the risk estimates for OC users in order to develop several intermediate end-point markers in cervical carcinogenesis.

[Maxillary puncture: endoscopic assessment].

Frequency of the injury of the nasolacrimal duct ostium during maxillary puncture through the lower nasal passage was estimated endoscopically. Changes in the maxillary medial wall during the puncture were also studied. Anatomic features of the ostiomeatal complex which may contribute to development of chronic inflammation were determined.