Hypothalamic tanycytes internalize ghrelin from the cerebrospinal fluid: Molecular mechanisms and functional implications.

Objective: The peptide hormone ghrelin exerts potent effects in the brain, where its receptor is highly expressed. Here, we investigated the role of hypothalamic tanycytes in transporting ghrelin across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface.

Methods: We investigated the internalization and transport of fluorescent ghrelin (Fr-ghrelin) in primary cultures of rat hypothalamic tanycytes, mouse hypothalamic explants, and mice.

A low-cost Portable Device to Deliver Smoke, Volatile or Vaporized Substances to , Useful for Research and/or Educational Assays.

has been used to test drugs of abuse, substances with potential benefits for medical purposes, as well as contaminants and hazardous volatile compounds. This model has also been used for the characterization of behavioral changes, physiopathological consequences, and subcellular mechanisms of the use of cocaine, methamphetamines, ethanol, nicotine, cannabinoids, toluene, and other airborne volatile organic compounds. When testing these substances, routes of administration are important to define.

Smoking flies: testing the effect of tobacco cigarettes on heart function of .

Studies about the relationship between substances consumed by humans and their impact on health, in animal models, have been a challenge due to differences between species in the animal kingdom. However, the homology of certain genes has allowed extrapolation of certain knowledge obtained in animals. , studied for decades, has been widely used as model for human diseases as well as to study responses associated with the consumption of several substances.

Inhalation of marijuana affects heart function.

We investigated the effect of inhalation of vaporized marijuana on cardiac function in , a suitable genetic model for studying human diseases. Adult flies were exposed to marijuana for variable time periods and the effects on cardiac function were studied. Short treatment protocol incremented heart-rate variability.