Dynamics and weed control effectiveness of dicamba herbicide when applied directly on the soil and corn straw in Brazil.

Dicamba is a post-emergence herbicide commonly used to control broadleaves in cereal crops. However, a portion of the herbicide might reach soil surface, and many factors could affect its dynamics and effects. The objective of this research was to evaluate the dynamics of dicamba applied to the soil, to the soil and covered with straw and over the straw, in addition, to evaluate the weed control in pre-emergence.

Hormetic effect of glyphosate on plants.

plants may be reached by herbicide drift from applications of glyphosate from neighboring areas or by variations during applications. Considering the different phenological stages and size of plants in these areas, the amount of active ingredient that reaches the plants probably varies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of different doses of glyphosate on plants.

Retrieval of contextual aversive memory and induction of Zenk expression in the hippocampus of pigeons.

The hippocampus has a fundamental role in many learning and memory processes, which include the formation and retrieval of context-fear associations, as evidenced by studies in rodents and birds. The present paper has analyzed contextual memory and Zenk expression in the hippocampus of the pigeon after fear conditioning. Pigeons were trained under four conditions: with 3 tone-shock associations (Paired), with shock and tone presented randomly (Unpaired), with exposure to the experimental chamber without stimulation (Control) and with only daily handling (Naive).

Effects of intranasal oxytocin on tactile perception.

In addition to its role in childbirth labor and lactation, oxytocin is a well-known neurohormone, having several prosocial effects. Moreover, oxytocin seems to play a significant modulatory role in painful experiences, due to its participation in central and peripheral processing of nociceptive somatosensory information. Despite studies on oxytocin in pain modulation, there is a scarce literature investigating the role of oxytocin in tactile perception.

Hormetic effects of glyphosate on plants.

As all herbicides act on pathways or processes crucial to plants, in an inhibitory or stimulatory way, low rates of any herbicide might be used to modulate plant growth, development, or plant composition. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world, and very low rates of this herbicide can stimulate plant growth, an effect called hormesis. Several studies have shown that glyphosate applications at low rates can increase plant growth, induce shikimic acid accumulation, increase photosynthesis and stomatal opening, increase seed production, and shorten the plant life cycle.

Thaumarchaeotes abundant in refinery nitrifying sludges express amoA but are not obligate autotrophic ammonia oxidizers.

Nitrification is a core process in the global nitrogen cycle that is essential for the functioning of many ecosystems. The discovery of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) within the phylum Thaumarchaeota has changed our perception of the microbiology of nitrification, in particular since their numerical dominance over ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in many environments has been revealed. These and other data have led to a widely held assumption that all amoA-encoding members of the Thaumarchaeota (AEA) are autotrophic nitrifiers.