Restoring Shank3 in the rostral brainstem of shank3ab-/- zebrafish autism models rescues sensory deficits.

People with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome, caused by mutations in the SHANK3 gene, commonly exhibit reduced responses to sensory stimuli; yet the changes in brain-wide activity that link these symptoms to mutations in the shank3 gene remain unknown. Here we quantify movement in response to sudden darkness in larvae of two shank3 zebrafish mutant models and show that both models exhibit dampened responses to this stimulus. Using brain-wide activity mapping, we find that shank3 light-sensing brain regions show normal levels of activity while sensorimotor integration and motor regions are less active.

Development of a new tool for predicting the behavior of individuals with intellectual disability in the dental office: A pilot study.

Background: The dental treatment of individuals with intellectual disability can represent a considerable professional challenge.

Objective: To develop a model for predicting the behavior of patients with intellectual disability in the dental office.

Methods: The study group comprised 250 patients with Down syndrome (DS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy (CP), idiopathic cognitive impairment or rare disorders.

Allenes and Derivatives in Gold(I)- and Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Formal Cycloadditions.

Cycloaddition reactions, by involving the formation of at least two bonds and one cycle in a single operation, represent one of the more practical ways to assemble carbo- and heterocyclic structures from simple acyclic precursors. Especially appealing are formal cycloadditions promoted by transition metals, owing to the ability of these reagents to open mechanisms that are not accessible using classical chemistry. Therefore, along the years, a great variety of annulations based on first-, and particularly second-row transition metals have been discovered.

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations between Allenes and Alkene-Tethered Oxime Ethers: A Straight Entry to Highly Substituted Piperidines and aza-Bridged Medium-Sized Carbocycles.

Piperidine scaffolds are present in a wide range of bioactive natural products and are therefore considered as highly valuable, privileged synthetic targets. In this manuscript, we describe a gold-catalyzed annulation strategy that allows a straightforward assembly of piperidines and piperidine-containing aza-bridged products from readily available alkene-tethered oxime ethers (or esters) and N-allenamides. Importantly, we demonstrate the advantages of using oxime derivatives over imines, something pertinent to the whole area of gold catalysis, and provide relevant mechanistic experiments that shed light into the factors affecting the annulation processes.

Gold(i)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of allenamides, alkenes and aldehydes: a straightforward approach to tetrahydropyrans.

Allenamides participate as two-carbon components in an intermolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition with alkenes and aldehydes when treated with catalytic amounts of a phosphite gold complex. The reaction is highly regio- and chemoselective, and works with different types of alkenes, including styrenes, enol ethers or enamides, as well as with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Accordingly, different types of 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans can be stereoselectively assembled in a single step from commercial or very accessible starting materials.