Clinical Laboratory Tests in Some Acute Exogenous Poisonings.

Background: There is no specific toxicological screening of clinical laboratory parameters in clinical toxicology when it comes to acute exogenous poisoning.

Aim: To determine routine clinical laboratory parameters and indicators for assessment of vital functions in patients with acute intoxications.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty-three patients were included in the present study.

Endoscopic diagnosis of intramural hematoma in the colon sigmoideum in a child with high titer inhibitory hemophilia A.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a rare condition in childhood pathology. The incidence of this disorder in the general population of Bulgarian children is unknown. We report a case of a 7-year-old child with diagnosed hemophilia A and high titer of factor VIII inhibitor; the patient was admitted into the Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics for rectorrhagia after falling onto his buttocks while playing.

Cystic fibrosis and celiac disease--multifaceted and similar.

Celiac disease and cystic fibrosis share a number of clinical manifestations. The comorbidity rate of these diseases is low: 1:200000. We present a case of a child aged 1 year and 5 months, born to a mixed-marriage parents, with concomitant cystic fibrosis and celiac disease manifesting initially with chronic diarrhea.

Ventilator-associated pneumonias in children (II)--prophylaxis and treatment.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection among children treated in intensive care units. The risk factors for developing this condition are generated by the patient's bedside conditions, the equipment used and the specific treatment administered to the child. Prophylaxis of VAP should necessarily include all measures that have been proven to be efficient in this respect such as rigorous hygiene control of hands and protective clothing of attending staff, changing breathing circuits of ventilators only if they malfunction or if they are visibly contaminated, preference of orotracheal intubation (instead of nasotracheal intubation) and use of endotracheal tubes with dorsal lumens to allow respiratory secretions to drain, and introduction of a uniform approach to patient care and staff training.

Ventilator-associated pneumonias in children (I)--diagnostic criteria, etiology and pathogenesis.

Ventilator-associated pneumonias have been estimated to be the second most common nosocomial infections among children treated in intensive care units. They occur in mechanically ventilated patients through intubation tube or tracheostomy, the inflammation usually involving the lung parenchyma. The ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with a longer antibiotic treatment, greater duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and higher mortality rates in children.