[Factors involved in the success or failure of endoscopic treatment in paediatric primary vesicoureteral reflux: A systematic review.].

Objective: The objective of this paper isidentifying the factors that may condition the success or failure of endoscopic therapy for vesicoureteral reflux in the paediatric population.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliographic review was performed in the Cochrane Library and PUBMED of all the studies which the principal subject was about identifying factors involved in the success or failure of endoscopic therapy for vesicoureteral reflux in the paediatric population.

Results: Of a total of 1410 studies, 14 studies and17 factors potentially involved in the success or failure of endoscopic therapy were fully analysed according to the different studies reviewed.

Complete penoscrotal transposition: A three-stage procedure.

Complete penoscrotal transposition (CPST) with an intact scrotum is a rare anomaly in which the scrotum is located cephalic to the penis. It is the most severe degree of malformation of a spectrum of abnormalities in scrotal development. There are few cases reported in the literature, and there are few descriptions of the technique for correction and results.

Predictive value of clinical factors for successful endoscopic correction of primary vesicoureteral reflux grades III-IV.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical factors that influence the outcome of endoscopically treated primary grade III and IV vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Materials And Methods: Excluding secondary VUR and patients with incomplete follow up, a retrospective and prospective cohort observational study was performed on 90 children (130 renal units) with primary grade III or IV reflux treated endoscopically with Polytef or Macroplastique from March 1997 to January 2004. All patients underwent voiding cystourethrography (or galactose-based sonocystourethrography), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan, renal ultrasound and clinical exploration of micturition.

Ectopic adrenal tissue in the spermatic cord in pediatric patients: surgical implications.

Objective: To study the incidence and relevance of ectopic adrenal tissue in pediatric patients who underwent groin surgical explorations.

Materials And Methods: We studied 1120 patients with groin surgical explorations during a period of 8 consecutive years. Patients' clinical data and histological findings were analyzed.

[Vesicoureteral reflux grades III-IV: factors involved in the efficacy of endoscopic treatment in pediatric patients].

Objectives: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is detected in 30-50% of pediatric patients diagnosed of urinary tract infection (UTI). Multiple clinical trials have compared the results of conservative management against surgical therapy. The introduction of a third alternative in 1984 (endoscopic approach) has dramatically modified the management of VUR.

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma associated with Milroy's disease (primary hereditary lymphedema).

Kaposiform infantile hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare recently characterized, locally aggressive, endothelial-derived neoplasm that occurs exclusively in the pediatric age group. Milroy-Nonne disease (primary hereditary lymphedema) is an uncommon congenital entity with familiar history of lower limb edema as typical clinical features. An 8-year-old boy developed a hard painless mass in the right leg 7 years after the diagnosis of congenital primary lymphedema of the right lower extremity.

Treatment of monomorphic B-cell lymphoma with rituximab after liver transplantation in a child.

Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the B-cell specific CD20 antigen has been used with success in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) of B-cell phenotype. However, the use of such drug in children with liver transplantation and PTLD is very limited. We report a 2-yr-old liver transplant recipient with monomorphic non-Hodgkin lymphoma of B-cell origin.

Heterotopic brain tissue in the upper lip of a neonate mimicking bilateral cleft lip features.

Heterotopic brain tissue is an extremely rare developmental anomaly frequently diagnosed in the newborn period. This entity has been described in various sites of the head and neck, most commonly in the nasal area. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are necessary for exclude associated cranial communications.

Lengthening the urethral plate with a double flap technique: a new procedure for correction of primary hypospadias with chordee.

Purpose: We describe a new 1-stage technique for the surgical treatment of primary hypospadias with chordee dividing the urethral plate into 2 flaps.

Material And Methods: The urethral plate is divided into 2 flaps in an oblique fashion. Penis straightening is achieved with resection of the fibrous ventral tissue after mobilization of the plate.