First report of maize rayado fino virus in corn fields in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Maize ( L.) is the main cereal food of humans and animals in Brazil. In 2020 and 2021, a severe infestation of corn leafhoppers (; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was observed in Santa Catarina State (South of Brazil).

Warming and soil water availability affect plant-flower visitor interactions for Stylosanthes capitata, a tropical forage legume.

The reproductive success of a zoophilous plant species depends on biological interaction with pollinators, which involves both the provision and exploitation of flower resources. Currently, there is little information about how future climate change scenarios will impact interactions between plants and their flower visitors in the tropics. This study analyzes the effects of warming and two soil water conditions on interactions between the tropical forage legume species Stylosanthes capitata and its floral visitors during the flowering period.

Warming and elevated CO induces changes in the reproductive dynamics of a tropical plant species.

Tropical plant species are vulnerable to climate change and global warming. Since flowering is a critical factor for plant reproduction and seed-set, warming and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO) are crucial climate change factors that can affect plant reproductive dynamics and flowering related events in the tropics. Using a combined free-air CO enrichment and a free-air temperature-controlled enhancement system, we investigate how warming (+2 °C above ambient, eT) and elevated [CO] (~600 ppm, eCO) affect the phenological pattern, plant-insect interactions, and outcrossing rates in the tropical legume forage species Stylosanthes capitata Vogel (Fabaceae).

Association Mapping for Flowering Time and Moisture Loss of Grains in Maize Tropical Germplasm.

Background And Objective: With the advent of high-scale genotyping platforms, association studies have become important tools for finding genomic regions of interest in breeding programs, due to the fact that their improved more accuracy than the other tools. The aim of this work was to map genomic regions associated with grain maturation in common maize strains.

Materials And Methods: For linkage disequilibrium mapping, 72 strains were previously genotyped for SNP markers on the 650K platform and their respective genotypic values were predicted for male and female flowering and area below the moisture curve.

Genome-wide association mapping for flowering and maturity in tropical soybean: implications for breeding strategies.

Knowledge of the genetic architecture of flowering and maturity is needed to develop effective breeding strategies in tropical soybean. The aim of this study was to identify haplotypes across multiple environments that contribute to flowering time and maturity, with the purpose of selecting desired alleles, but maintaining a minimal impact on yield-related traits. For this purpose, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was undertaken to identify genomic regions that control days to flowering (DTF) and maturity (DTM) using a soybean association mapping panel genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

A Genome-Wide Association Study for Agronomic Traits in Soybean Using SNP Markers and SNP-Based Haplotype Analysis.

Mapping quantitative trait loci through the use of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in populations of unrelated individuals provides a valuable approach for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits in soybean (Glycine max). The haplotype-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) has now been proposed as a complementary approach to intensify benefits from LD, which enable to assess the genetic determinants of agronomic traits. In this study a GWAS was undertaken to identify genomic regions that control 100-seed weight (SW), plant height (PH) and seed yield (SY) in a soybean association mapping panel using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and haplotype information.

Transcriptomics and systems biology analysis in identification of specific pathways involved in cacao resistance and susceptibility to witches' broom disease.

This study reports on expression analysis associated with molecular systems biology of cacao-Moniliophthora perniciosa interaction. Gene expression data were obtained for two cacao genotypes (TSH1188, resistant; Catongo, susceptible) challenged or not with the fungus M. perniciosa and collected at three time points through disease.

Genetic variability in Brazilian wheat cultivars assessed by microsatellite markers.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food staples in the south of Brazil. Understanding genetic variability among the assortment of Brazilian wheat is important for breeding. The aim of this work was to molecularly characterize the thirty-six wheat cultivars recommended for various regions of Brazil, and to assess mutual genetic distances, through the use of microsatellite markers.

Stress-induced synthesis of proline confers tolerance to water deficit in transgenic wheat.

Water deficit is one of the main abiotic factors that affect spring wheat planted in subtropical regions. Accumulation of proline appears to be a promising approach to maintain the productivity of plants under stress condition. However, morphological alterations and growth reduction are observed in transgenic plants carrying genes coding for osmoprotectants controlled by constitutive promoters.

Comparative analysis of expressed genes from cacao meristems infected by Moniliophthora perniciosa.

Background And Aims: Witches' broom disease is caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, and is one of the most important diseases of cacao in the western hemisphere. Because very little is known about the global process of such disease development, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were used to identify genes expressed during the Theobroma cacao-Moniliophthora perniciosa interaction.

Methods: Two cDNA libraries corresponding to the resistant (RT) and susceptible (SP) cacao-M.