Gallbladder cancer who is really cured?

Background: Although gallbladder cancer (GBCA) is characterized by a dismal prognosis, there is a proportion of patients who are cured. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of these patients.

Methods: A database was queried for patients who underwent curative resection with a follow-up of at least 5 years.

Laparoscopic management of incidental gallbladder cancer.

Background: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy has allowed the detection of an increasing number of incidental gallbladder cancers (IGBC). Although laparoscopy is employed in the management of a variety of abdominal tumors, its use in gallbladder cancer is reduced and controversial. This study analyzes the role of laparoscopy in gallbladder cancer with the focus in IGBC.

Expression of teneurins is associated with tumor differentiation and patient survival in ovarian cancer.

Teneurins are a family of highly conserved pair-rule proteins involved in morphogenesis and development of the central nervous system. Their function in adult tissues and in disease is largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests a role for dysregulated expression of Teneurins in human tumors, but systematic investigations are missing.

Somatic Mutations of PI3K in Early and Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: Additional Options for an Orphan Cancer.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the second-leading cause of death from malignant tumors in Chilean women. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in proliferation, cell survival, and growth. We investigated mutations in exons 9 and 20 of the PI3K gene in GBC.

Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene pten in early and advanced gallbladder cancer.

Background: PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates the PTEN/PI3k/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is frequently altered in human cancers including gallbladder cancer (GBC). To determine the frequency of PTEN expression in GBC and to establish its relation to clinical and morphological parameters and survival in GBC.

Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of PTEN was studied in 108 GBC.

Gallbladder cancer in Chile: what have we learned?

Purpose Of Review: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) should be considered an orphan disease in oncology and represent a unique carcinogenetic model. This review will analyse some of the current aspects of GBC.

Recent Findings: Chile has the highest incidence and mortality of GBC in the world.

[BRAF gene mutation in wild-type KRAS patients with colorectal cancers].

Background: In colorectal cancer, BRAF and KRAS mutation are mutually exclusive, but both are independent prognostic factors for the disease.

Aim: To determine the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation in colorectal cancer.

Material And Methods: A KRAS mutation study was carried out in 100 tissue samples of primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of colon and rectum from patients aged 61.

Tumor location is a strong predictor of tumor progression and survival in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicenter study.

Objective: To determine the prognostic impact of tumor location in gallbladder cancer.

Background: Depth of tumor is a strong predictor of survival after curative resection of gallbladder cancer. However, the gallbladder has a unique anatomical relationship with the liver, and the clinical significance of tumor location remains unclear.

Overexpression of the HER2/neu Gene: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Patients With Advanced Gallbladder Cancer.

Background: The HER2/neu gene is a proto-oncogene that can predict the response to treatment with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and lapatinib. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of HER2/neu overexpression and to identify a subgroup of patients with gallbladder cancer who would benefit from targeted therapy.

Methods: Patients with gallbladder cancer (n = 187; 165 women and 22 men) with a recorded follow-up of at least 5 years were included, along with control subjects (n = 75).

[Quality of DNA from archival pathological samples of gallbladder cancer].

Background: The quality of the archival samples stored at pathology services could be a limiting factor for molecular biology studies.

Aim: To determine the quality of DNA extracted from gallbladder cancer samples at different institutions.

Material And Methods: One hundred ninety four samples coming from five medical centers in Chile, were analyzed.

[HER2 gene amplification and overexpression in advanced gastric cancer].

Background: Overexpression/amplification of the HER2 gene in advanced gastric cancer is a predictor of response to adjuvant therapy with monoclonal antibodies.

Aim: To determine the frequency of HER2 gene overexpression and amplification in advanced gastric cancer.

Material And Methods: One hundred nine advanced gastric cancer biopsy specimens, from 76 men and 33 women aged 67 ± 14 and 62 ± 12 years respectively, were selected.

Gallbladder cancer in Chile: Pathologic characteristics of survival and prognostic factors: analysis of 1,366 cases.

Objectives: To explore gallbladder cancer (GBC), the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in Chile.

Methods: Analysis of macroscopic and microscopic variables, morphometry, and survival in 1,366 patients with GBC.

Results: Patients comprised 1,138 women and 228 men; diagnoses included 213 (15.

[KRAS gene mutation in colorectal cancer].

Background: KRAS oncogene is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis in 22 to 45% of cases.

Aim: To determine the frequency, types and distribution of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer.

Material And Methods: KRAS mutations studies were carried out in primary tumors and metastases of colo-rectal cancer from 56 women aged 60 ± 14 years and 53 men aged 61 ± 11 years.

Molecular characterization of gallbladder cancer using somatic mutation profiling.

Gallbladder cancer is relatively uncommon, with a high incidence in certain geographic locations, including Latin America, East and South Asia, and Eastern Europe. Molecular characterization of this disease has been limited, and targeted therapy options for advanced disease remain an open area of investigation. In the present study, surgical pathology obtained from resected gallbladder cancer cases (n = 72) was examined for the presence of targetable, somatic mutations.

The low-abundance transcriptome reveals novel biomarkers, specific intracellular pathways and targetable genes associated with advanced gastric cancer.

Studies on the low-abundance transcriptome are of paramount importance for identifying the intimate mechanisms of tumor progression that can lead to novel therapies. The aim of the present study was to identify novel markers and targetable genes and pathways in advanced human gastric cancer through analyses of the low-abundance transcriptome. The procedure involved an initial subtractive hybridization step, followed by global gene expression analysis using microarrays.

Teneurin protein family: an emerging role in human tumorigenesis and drug resistance.

Using a chemoproteomic strategy, we recently demonstrated the expression of teneurin-2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, in the majority of malignant mesothelioma cell lines. This finding was unexpected since no formally organized evidence existed to implicate teneurins in human malignancy. For this reason, here we provide a comprehensive review on the expression of teneurins in human tumors and cell lines.

ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementing 1) expression in pT2 gallbladder cancer is a prognostic factor.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the main cause of death by malignant tumour in women in Chile. There is no information regarding the role of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) in GBC. Our aim is to determine the expression and significance of ERCC1 as a prognostic factor in GBC.

[Association between cholesterolosis and gallbladder cancer].

Background: Cholesterolosis is frequently observed in cholecystectomies performed for lithiasis or chronic cholecystitis.

Aim: To determine the degree of association between cholesterolosis and gallbladder cancer.

Material And Methods: In a prospective study of gallbladder cancer, all gallbladders obtained during cholecystectomies were processed for pathological study, following a special protocol.

Gallbladder cancer: role of laparoscopy in the management of potentially resectable tumors.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role that laparoscopy plays in the management of gallbladder cancer.

Method: From August 2005 to March 2009, 23 patients affected by gallbladder cancer detected after the study of a cholecystectomy specimen underwent laparoscopy as part of their management.

Results: Among the patients, 5 underwent only an exploratory laparoscopy, while 11 were converted due to the existence of dense adhesions that precluded a complete exploration.

Early gallbladder cancer: is further treatment necessary?

Background And Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate a series of patients with early gallbladder cancer, focusing on the selection of treatment and the role of Rokitansky Aschoff sinus infiltration.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective series of 371 patients with gallbladder cancer. Specimens were reviewed by an independent pathologist to confirm the diagnosis and depth of infiltration and to evaluate the presence of Rokitansky Aschoff sinus involvement.

[Cystic tumors of the pancreas].

Cystic tumors of the pancreas are diagnosed with increasing frequency. The main problems associated with their diagnosis are to determine if they are benign or malignant and to decide their surgical excision or clinical follow-up, since these tumors can be benign, potentially malignant or malignant. Imaging techniques such as CT scan, magnetic resonance and endoscopic ultrasonography are the key procedures that must be performed before adopting a final therapeutic decision.

Serial analysis of gene expression identifies connective tissue growth factor expression as a prognostic biomarker in gallbladder cancer.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon neoplasm in the United States, but one with high mortality rates. This malignancy remains largely understudied at the molecular level such that few targeted therapies or predictive biomarkers exist.

Experimental Design: We built the first series of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) libraries from GBC and nonneoplastic gallbladder mucosa, composed of 21-bp long-SAGE tags.

HER Receptor Family: Novel Candidate for Targeted Therapy for Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer.

Purpose: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are uncommon in the United States, but are endemic in parts of South America and Asia. BTCs are aggressive tumors associated with poor survival. Activation of HER-2/neu (erbB2) and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are important in breast, colon, and lung cancers.

[Immunohistochemical expression of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in gastric cancer].

Background: The E-cadherin/catenin complex plays an essential role in the control of epithelial differentiation. Abnormal expression in tumors correlates with histological grade, advanced stage and poor prognosis.

Aim: To evaluate the expression pattern of E-cadherin/catenin complex in gastric carcinoma and analyze their association with tumor clinicopathological features and patient survival.

Gallstones and gallbladder cancer-volume and weight of gallstones are associated with gallbladder cancer: a case-control study.

Background: Gallstones are considered the most important risk factor for gallbladder cancer.

Aim: To identify differences in the number, weight, volume, and density of gallstones associated with chronic cholecystitis (CC), gallbladder dysplasia (GD), and gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Methods: A total of 125 cases were selected, of which 93 had gallstones associated with GBC and 31 had gallstones associated with GD.