The Effect of Sulphate Anions on the Ultrafine Titania Nucleation.

The phenomenological model of sulphate anions effect on the nanodispersed titania synthesis during hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride was studied. It was proposed that both chelating and bridging bidentate complexes formation between sulphate anions and octahedrally coordinated [Ti(OH)(OH)] mononers is the determinative factor for anatase phase nucleation.

Structural Features of Carbons Produced Using Glucose, Lactose, and Saccharose.

Glucose, lactose, and saccharose were used as precursors to prepare chars at 400 °C then activated at 800 °C or 1000 °C in closed vessels with controlled amounts of oxygen penetrating through nanopores in the vessel walls. There are correlations between the porosity, amounts of residual O- and H-containing functionalities, and electroconductivity of amorphous carbons studied. The pore size distributions calculated using the nitrogen adsorption isotherms and TEM images show that all carbons are mainly nanoporous with certain contribution of narrow mesopores (at pore half-width x < 5 nm).

Structural and Morphological Features of Disperse Alumina Synthesized Using Aluminum Nitrate Nonahydrate.

Transformation of Al(NO3)3∙9H2O (upon heating in the range of 20-1200 °C) into blends of amorphous and crystalline boehmite (210-525 °C), amorphous alumina and crystalline γ-Al2O3 (850 °C), and crystalline α-Al2O3 (1100 °C) was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Boehmite consists of nanoparticles of 6-10 nm in diameter, and part of them has crystalline structure observed in HRTEM images, despite they are XRD amorphous. The nanoglobules are surrounded by amorphous aluminum hydroxide with chains of -AlO(H)-O-AlO(H)- of 1-5 nm in length.