New surfaces stabilized by adsorbate-induced faceting.

Faceting is a form of self-assembly of single-crystal surfaces at the nanometer-scale in which an initially planar surface converts to a 'hill-and-valley' structure, exposing new faces of low-index surfaces. Our recent studies revealed that, upon annealing in O(2), three-sided nanoscale pyramids form on Ir(210) exposing smooth {311} and partially restructured (110) faces. Through a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory, we identify this structure to be a stepped double-missing-row reconstruction, which is only stable on nanopyramidal facets, not on a planar Ir(110) surface.

First-principles studies on oxygen-induced faceting of Ir(210).

Density functional theory calculations were performed to obtain an atomistic understanding of facet formation on Ir(210). We determined geometries and energetics of clean and oxygen-covered surfaces of planar Ir(210) as well as Ir(311) and two types of Ir(110) surfaces, which are involved in faceting by forming three-sided nanopyramids. Using the energies together with the ab initio atomistic thermodynamics approach, we studied the stability of substrate and facets in the presence of an oxygen environment.

Structure sensitivity in the oxidation of CO on Ir surfaces.

We report results on the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) over clean Ir surfaces that are prepared reversibly from the same crystal in situ with different surface morphologies, from planar to nanometer-scale facets of specific crystal orientations and various sizes. Our temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) data show that both planar Ir(210) and faceted Ir(210) are very active for CO oxidation to form CO2. Preadsorbed oxygen promotes the oxidation of CO, whereas high coverages of preadsorbed CO poison the reaction by blocking the surface sites for oxygen adsorption.

Decomposition of ammonia and hydrogen on Ir surfaces: structure sensitivity and nanometer-scale size effects.

The adsorption and decomposition of ammonia and hydrogen have been studied on surfaces of clean planar Ir(210) and clean nanoscale-faceted Ir(210), which are prepared from the same crystal in situ. We find evidence for structure sensitivity in recombination and desorption of H2 and in thermal decomposition of NH3 on clean planar Ir(210) versus clean faceted Ir(210). Moreover, the decomposition kinetics of NH3 on faceted Ir(210) exhibit size effects on the nanometer scale, which is the first observation of size effects in surface chemistry on an unsupported monometallic catalyst with controlled and well-defined structure and size.

Nanoscale surface chemistry.

We report evidence in several experiments for nanometer-size effects in surface chemistry. The evidence concerns bimetallic systems, monolayer films of Pt or Pd on W(111) surfaces. Pyramidal facets with [211] faces are formed on annealing on physical monolayer of Pt, Pd on a W(111) substrate, and facet sizes increase with annealing temperature.