New approach to generating of human monoclonal antibodies specific to the proteolytic domain of botulinum neurotoxin A.

Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism and are the most potent natural toxins known. Immunotherapy with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is considered to be the most effective immediate response to BoNT exposure. Hybridoma technology remains the preferred method for producing MAbs with naturally paired immunoglobulin genes and with preserved innate functions of immune cells.

Avirulence of a spontaneous Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica prmA mutant.

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is divided into three subspecies. Two of these, subspecies holarctica and tularensis, are highly pathogenic to humans and consequently relatively well studied. The third subspecies, mediasiatica, is rarely isolated and remains poorly studied.

New Research on the Genetic Diversity in Siberia.

Anthrax is a particularly dangerous infection of humans and ungulates caused by the Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium . The highly monomorphic and clonal species is commonly divided into three main lineages, A, B, and C, which in turn are divided into several canSNP groups. We report here a phylogenetic analysis based on the whole-genome sequence (WGS) data of fifteen strains isolated predominantly in Siberia or Central and Southern Russia.

Genomic Analysis of a Hybrid Enteroaggregative Hemorrhagic O181:H4 Strain Causing Colitis with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome.

Hybrid diarrheagenic strains combining genetic markers belonging to different pathotypes have emerged worldwide and have been reported as a public health concern. The most well-known hybrid strain of enteroaggregative hemorrhagic is O104:H4 strain, which was an agent of a serious outbreak of acute gastroenteritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Germany in 2011. A case of intestinal infection with HUS in St.

Comparison of the therapeutic potential of bacteriophage KpV74 and phage-derived depolymerase (β-glucosidase) against Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular type K2.

Bacteriophages and phage polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (depolymerases) are garnering attention as possible alternatives to antibiotics. Here, we describe the antimicrobial properties of bacteriophage KpV74 and phage depolymerase Dep_kpv74 specific to the hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae of the K2 capsular type. The depolymerase Dep_kpv74 was identified as a specific glucosidase that cleaved the K2 type capsular polysaccharides of the K.

Drug Repurposing of the Unithiol: Inhibition of Metallo-β-Lactamases for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

The increasing antibiotic resistance is a clinical problem worldwide. Numerous Gram-negative bacteria have already become resistant to the most widely used class of antibacterial drugs, β-lactams. One of the main mechanisms is inactivation of β-lactam antibiotics by bacterial β-lactamases.

Development and Properties of Subsp. 15 NIIEG Vaccine Strain without the Gene.

The genomic analysis of all subspecies , as found in Gen Bank NCBI, reveals the presence of genes encoding proteins like to the multifunctional RecBCD enzyme complex in and other bacteria. To date, the role of the gene in , which encodes the alpha chain of exonuclease V, in DNA metabolism processes, has not been studied either in vitro or in vivo. subsp.

Sequence Variability of pXO1-Located Pathogenicity Genes of Natural Strains of Different Geographic Origin.

The main pathogenic factor of is a three-component toxin encoded by the , , and genes, which are located on the pXO1 plasmid. The gene, which encodes the primary regulator of pathogenicity factor expression, is located on the same plasmid. In this work, we evaluated the polymorphism of the , , , and genes for 85 strains from different evolutionary lineages and canSNP groups.

Multidrug-Resistant Causing Severe Infections in the Neuro-ICU.

The purpose of this study was the identification of genetic lineages and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in isolates associated with severe infections in the neuro-ICU. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined using the Vitek-2 instrument. AMR and virulence genes, sequence types (STs), and capsular types were identified by PCR.

Ag-Doped and Antibiotic-Loaded Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers to Fight Different Pathogens.

Utilization of antibacterial components-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) is emerging as an attractive strategy for combating various pathogens. Herein, we demonstrate that Ag/BN NPs and antibiotic-loaded BN and Ag/BN nanoconjugates are promising carriers to fight bacterial and fungal infections. Extensive biological tests included two types of Gram-positive methicillin-resistant strains (B8469 and MW2), two types of Gram-negative strains (ATCC27853 and B1307/17), and 47 types of strains (including 41 multidrug-resistant ones), as well as five types of fungal cultures: (candidiasis-thrush) ATCC90028 and ATCC24433, ATCC90018, CBS109113, and We have demonstrated that, even within a single genus , there are many hospital strains with multi-drug resistance to different antibiotics.

The Comparative Virulence of Subsp. for Vaccinated Laboratory Animals.

Tularemia is a severe infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacteria . There are four subspecies of : , , and , which differ in their virulence and geographic distribution. One of them, subsp.

Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Strains Isolated during Foodborne Outbreaks.

We report here the draft genome sequences of eight strains isolated during three large food poisoning outbreaks in the Russian Federation. The strains were collected from clinical specimens and various foodstuff samples.

Russian isolates enlarge the known geographic diversity of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica.

Francisella tularensis, a small Gram-negative bacterium, is capable of infecting a wide range of animals, including humans, and causes a plague-like disease called tularemia-a highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate. Because of these characteristics, F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological terrorism.

Draft Genome Sequences of Exfoliative Toxin A-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Strains B-7772 and B-7777 (CC8/ST2993) and B-7774 (CC15/ST2126), Isolated in a Maternity Hospital in the Central Federal District of Russia.

Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 8 (CC8) has not been associated with staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS) in newborns and exfoliative toxin genes. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of exfoliative toxin A-producing B-7772, B-7777 (both CC8), and B-7774 (CC15) strains associated with SSSS in newborns.

The spread of bla OXA-48 and bla OXA-244 carbapenemase genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp. isolated in Moscow, Russia.

Background: The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a great problem of healthcare worldwide. Study of the spread for bla OXA-48-like genes coding epidemically significant carbapenemases among hospital pathogens is important for the regional and global epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: Antibacterial resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 95) from 54 patients, P.

Molecular Characterization of Enterotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Collected in 2011-2012, Russia.

Enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (ETEC) are one of the main causative agents of diarrhea in children especially in developing countries and travel diarrhoea in adults. Pathogenic properties of ETEC associated with their ability to produce a heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins, as well as adhesins providing bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. This study presents the molecular characterization of the ETEC isolates collected from the Central and Far-Eastern regions of Russia in 2011-2012.

Immunological markers that correlate with protection immunity against tularemia infection.

An efficient immune response to tularemia is dependent on a strong cell-mediated component. We tried to identify markers of cellular immune responses that indicate a vaccine efficacy against tularemia. BALB/c mice were immunized with mutant F.