Hyperforin Exhibits Antigenotoxic Activity on Human and Bacterial Cells.

Hyperforin (HF), a substance that accumulates in the leaves and flowers of L. (St. John's wort), consists of a phloroglucinol skeleton with lipophilic isoprene chains.

Surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles act as aneugen-like spindle poison.

Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most promising types of nanoparticles for biomedical applications, primarily in the context of nanomedicine-based diagnostics and therapy; hence, great attention should be paid to their bio-safety. Here, we investigate the ability of surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to produce chromosome damage in human alveolar A549 cells. Compared to control cells, all the applied MNPs increased the level of micronuclei moderately but did not cause structural chromosomal aberrations in exposed cells.

Photoactivated hypericin is not genotoxic.

The study was designed to test the potential photogenotoxicity of hypericin (HYP) at three different levels: primary DNA damages, gene mutations and chromosome aberrations. Primary genetic changes were detected using the comet assay. The potential mutagenic activity of HYP was assessed using the Ames/Salmonella typhimurium assay.

Modulation of cisplatin sensitivity in human ovarian carcinoma A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines by sulforaphane.

Cisplatin resistance is one of the major obstacles in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In an effort to look for new possibilities of how to overcome this difficulty, we studied the mechanisms of the interactions between sulforaphane (SFN) and cisplatin (cisPt) in combined treatment of human ovarian carcinoma A2780 and SKOV3 cell lines. Synergy (A2780) and antagonism (SKOV3) found in MTT assay was confirmed by apoptosis.

Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity evaluation of non-photoactivated hypericin.

The potential genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of non-photoactivated hypericin was investigated in five experimental models. Hypericin was non-mutagenic in the Ames assay, with and without metabolic activation. It did not exert a protective effect against mutagenicity induced by 9-aminoacridine.

Apoptotic effect of ethyl-4-isothiocyanatobutanoate is associated with DNA damage, proteasomal activity and induction of p53 and p21cip1/waf1.

The effect of synthetic isothiocyanate ethyl-4-isothiocyanatobutanoate (E-4IB) on survival of mismatch repair-proficient TK6 and -deficient MT1 cell lines as well as the influence of proteasomal inhibitor MG132, caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, and ATM inhibitor caffeine on E-4IB modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis was evaluated. Flow cytometric analyses of DNA double strand breaks (gamma-H2AX), mitotic fraction (phospho-histone H3), cell cycle modulation, apoptosis induction (sub-G(0) fraction and fluorescein diacetate staining), and dissipation of transmembrane mitochondrial potential (JC-1 staining) were performed. Western blotting was used for the evaluation of ERK activation, expression of p53, p21(cip1/waf1) and GADD45alpha proteins, as well as PARP fragmentation.

Protective effect of quercetin and luteolin in human melanoma HMB-2 cells.

Multifunctional effects of flavonoids are reported to be markedly connected with their structure and the functional groups in the molecule. The important role in the activity play C2-C3 double bond, hydroxyl group at C3 and the number of hydroxyl groups at phenyl ring (B). In this paper, the DNA protective free radical scavenging potential of quercetin (QU) and luteolin (LU) against H2O2 and their clastogenic effect alone and in combination with melphalan (MH) were investigated in human melanoma HMB-2 cells.

DNA lesions and cytogenetic changes induced by N-nitrosomorpholine in HepG2, V79 and VH10 cells: the protective effects of Vitamins A, C and E.

Introduction: N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), present in the workplace of tyre chemical factories, is a known hepatocarcinogen. This compound belongs to the group of N-nitrosamines, which are indirect-acting and require metabolic activation. However, the mechanism of its carcinogenic effect is not completely clear.

Immunotoxic and cancerostatic effects of ethyl-4-isothiocyanatobutanoate in female Lewis rats with implanted fibrosarcoma.

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have been isolated from plants. Naturally occurring and synthetic ITCs are known as effective chemopreventive agents. Ethyl 4-isothiocyanatobutanoate (E-41B) is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Effect of dietary intake of vitamin A or E on the level of DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, and micronuclei induced in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by different carcinogens.

Hepatocytes freshly isolated from male Wistar rats fed a common diet or a vitamin A- or vitamin E-supplemented diet (each for 21, 28, or 41 days) were assayed for sensitivity to DNA breakage and cytogenetic changes induced by carcinogens. Different indirectly acting carcinogens were assayed. N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) was the only agent that induced DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and micronuclei in all experiments.