Ingestion of Multiple Magnets by Children: Diagnosis and Management When Ingestion is not Witnessed.

Aim: Foreign body ingestion, particularly that of magnets, is a significant issue for children aged 6 months to 3 years due to their prevalence in toys and household items. Most ingested foreign bodies pass naturally, but 10%-20% of such cases require endoscopic removal, and <1% require surgery.

Case Presentation: A 2-year-old girl presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

LARGE primary spontaneous pneumothorax (2023 French Guidelines definition): Do radiographic size matter in pediatric patients? A comparative analysis.

Purpose: Our aim was to explore the applicability of the definition of "large" primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) of adult guidelines to pediatric patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective monocentric analysis of first-episodes of PSP (Period: January 2010-January 2023). We defined large PSP according to French SPLF/SMFU/SRLF/SFAR/SFCTCV Guidelines.

Case Report: Double Pectus Up in severe pectus excavatum, the new frontier of modified taulinoplasty.

Introduction: Pectus excavatum, also known as "sunken chest" or "funnel chest," is a congenital condition where the sternum caves inward, creating a noticeable depression in the chest. This deformity can range from mild to severe cases, and can affect appearance and lung and heart function. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and associated symptoms.

The Intraperitoneal Use of Cephazolin: A Novelty in the Prevention of Intra-abdominal Abscess after Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Children.

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy followed by postoperative intravenous (IV) antibiotics is the standard of care for acute appendicitis and postoperative prevention of intra-abdominal abscesses. The aim of or study was to determine if intraperitoneal irrigation with antibiotics could help prevent intra-abdominal abscess formation after laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis in pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on consecutive pediatric patients with acute appendicitis who had appendectomy in our Pediatric Surgery Department between August 2020 and February 2022.

A new custom-made bivalve brace for pectus carinatum in children and adolescents: preliminary promising experience of 140 patients from a tertiary center.

Introduction: International research suggests that poor patient compliance is the main cause of tutor failures in the context of potential novel orthopedic bivalve braces for conservative treatment of pectus carinatum. Our entire experimental study is based on the hypothesis that a rigid bivalve brace that patients can accept could solve the main problem associated with the conservative approach-poor compliance. The hypothesis was to reduce the thickness and weight of the classic bivalve brace to ensure concealment and make it sustainable enough to be worn several hours a day without compromising its therapeutic efficacy.

Case Report: The acute appendicitis and incarcerated umbilical hernia: a rare association.

Introduction: One of the most prevalent congenital wall abnormalities in children, umbilical hernias are often linked to premature or small-for-gestational-age babies. In cases of intestinal malrotation or if the cecum is very movable, generalized peritonitis may facilitate the imprisonment of these hernias.

Case Report: We described a case of a 4-month-old baby who had a prior reducible umbilical hernia with a history of fever, vomiting, poor appetite, and constipation for around 48 h.

Case Report: Modified Taulinoplasty: a new technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum.

Introduction: About 95% of congenital chest wall deformities are pectus abnormalities, with pectus excavatum (PE) being the most common. The purpose of this work is to offer a modified Taulinoplasty Technique based on 35 consecutive PE patients' 1-year single-center experience in 2022.

Technique: One minimally invasive procedure for PE is taulinoplasty.

Aggressive approach for spontaneous pneumothorax treatment in children with Marfan syndrome?

Background And Objectives: Marfan syndrome (MS) is a systemic disease of connective tissues consisting of a variable combination of anomalies. These patients have an increased risk of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). However, there is a scarcity of pediatric literature on management, and no specific guidelines exist.

Benefits of using digital thoracic drainage systems for post-operative treatment in pediatric populations: personal experience and review of literature.

Introduction: The digital chest drainage monitoring system (Medela Thopaz+), unlike analogical systems, reliably regulates the pressure applied to the patient's chest and digitally and silently monitors critical therapeutic indicators (volume of fluid and/or drained air). Its use in adulthood has been widely described, but there is still little experience in the pediatric field. The aim of this study is to test this new device in the pediatric population.

Case report: A simple and reliable approach for progressive internal distraction of the sternum for Jeune syndrome (asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy): preliminary experience and literature review of surgical techniques.

Background: Described for the first time in 1954, Jeune syndrome (JS), often called asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, is a congenital musculoskeletal disease characterized by short ribs, a narrow thorax, and small limbs. In this study, we analyzed and presented our preliminary experience with a device for progressive internal distraction of the sternum (PIDS) in patients with symptomatic JS. In addition, we reviewed the contemporary English literature on existing surgical techniques for treating children with congenital JS.

Conservative and operative management of spontaneous pneumothorax in children and adolescents: Are we abusing of CT?

Background: No age-specific pediatric guidelines exist for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in children and adolescents. Treatment remains heterogeneous and center dependent. The role of computed tomography (CT) has yet to be defined.

Case report-Every thoracic surgeon's nightmare: cardiac and lung perforation during placement of Nuss bar for pectus excavatum.

Introduction: The prevalence of life-threatening complications (LTCs) related to the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is unknown and underreported. The aim of this study is to contribute to the real prevalence of these rare but dramatic complications and show what went wrong in order to prevent it in the future.

Case Presentation: A 15-year-old boy affected by pectus excavatum with severe asymmetric deformity of the chest wall was evaluated for elective corrective surgery.

Appendicitis in COVID19 Pandemic Era. Early experience of an International Referral Center of Pediatric Surgery.

Aim: We describe treatments of acute appendicitis at "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital during the peak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Italy.

Material And Methods: From March 1st to May 31st, all suspected appendicitis admitted to hospital entered this study. Following Institutional COVID19-protocol, between March 1st-21st, only patients with respiratory symptoms and/or history of recent travel to risk areas received nasopharyngeal swab.

Is chest radiography a valid alternative to computed tomography in evaluation of pectus excavatum?

Background: Current pectus excavatum management includes a computed tomography scan to evaluate the correction index, whose superiority to the Haller Index in terms of specificity and sensibility is still under debate. Furthermore, several studies report interchangeability between the Haller Index as measured by computed tomography and as measured by X-radiograph; however, it is not clear whether this correlation also exists for the correction index. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between measurements of the Haller Index and the correction index obtained by Computed Tomography and by X-radiograph.

Electrocautery only for hyoid bone removal in pediatric thyroglossal duct cyst excision.

Aim: Surgical excision of hyoid bone is the mainstay of thyroglossal duct cyst removal, to prevent recurrences. Bone excision by cut - bone forceps may prove inaccurate and somewhat dangerous. Therefore, use of alternative methods has been advocated.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with sickle cell disease: a successful treatment.

Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is the most common inherited blood disorder and is associated with severe morbidity and decreased survival. Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative approach. Nevertheless the decision to perform a bone marrow transplant includes the risk of major complications and transplant-related mortality.

Penile repair in patients with epispadias-exstrophy complex-can we prevent resultant hypospadias?

Purpose: Male genitalia reconstruction in patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex often leads to secondary hypospadias, thus requiring additional surgery and resulting in possible complications. We describe a technique of male epispadias repair to prevent resultant hypospadias.

Materials And Methods: The complete penile disassembly technique is modified by multiple Z-plasties, which enable creation of a funnel-like bladder neck and urethral plate lengthening.

Microscopic neoplastic thrombosis in localised nephroblastoma: does it influence outcome?

Introduction: Microscopic neoplastic thrombosis (MNT) is reported to occur frequently in Wilms tumour (WT). The aim of this study is to determine whether MNT influences prognosis in localised WT.

Patients And Methods: Records and slides of 80 consecutive, unselected, localised WT patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Bladder injuries following inguinal canal surgery in infants.

Purpose: Surgery of the inguinal canal is very common in infancy. Occasionally, injury of the bladder may occur with severe consequences. The aim of this paper was to warn young surgeons of this serious complication.