Effect of smoking on the redox status of knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study.

Even though smoking has been scarcely studied in osteoarthritis (OA) etiology, it is considered a controversial risk factor for the disease. Exposure to tobacco smoke has been reported to promote oxidative stress (OS) as part of the damage mechanism. The aim of this study was to assess whether smoking increases cartilage damage through the generation of OS.

[Importance of autoimmunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 and development of post-vaccination autoimmune diseases].

SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the large family of coronavirus, aroused great interest following the outbreak of this new strain reported in 2019, in Wuhan China. Its clinical spectrum is highly variable, ranging from a self-limited disease to an acute respiratory distress syndrome with systemic clinical manifestations (COVID-19), in which the immune system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease and in its severity; several studies show the prevalence of some autoimmune markers suggesting that they may lead to autoimmune states. The most important strategy worldwide to protect the population was the development of vaccines to induce immunity to severe COVID-19; however, vaccines have also been shown to have the ability to produce autoimmune states in a small percentage of the world's population; nevertheless, the best strategy remains vaccination.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effect of Poly-gallic Acid (PGAL) in an In Vitro Model of Synovitis Induced by Monosodium Urate Crystals.

Gout is a chronic and degenerative disease that affects the joints and soft tissues because of the crystalline deposit of monosodium urate. The interaction between monosodium urate crystals (MSU) and synoviocytes generates oxidative and inflammatory states. These physiological characteristics have promoted the study of poly-gallic acid (PGAL), a poly-oxidized form of gallic acid reported to be effective in in vitro models of inflammation.

HLA-B27 may modulate the interaction between ERAP1 polymorphisms and smoking in ankylosing spondylitis patients.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the enthesis and synovial membrane of the spine, the sacroiliac vertebrae and peripheral joints. Genetic susceptibility to AS is mainly due to the presence of the HLA-B*27 (B27) allele, and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP-1) plays a key role in antigen processing and presentation to HLA class I molecules. Tobacco consumption is one of the main environmental factors involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including AS.