End-of-life use of antibiotics: a survey on how doctors decide.

Objectives: Infections are the main complications in terminal diseases. Many patients die using antibiotics, which raises questions about their real usefulness and role in unnecessary prolongation of suffering. This survey evaluated how doctors use antibiotics in palliative care.

Intra-session test-retest reliability of functional connectivity in infants.

Resting functional MRI studies of the infant brain are increasingly becoming an important tool in developmental neuroscience. Whereas the test-retest reliability of functional connectivity (FC) measures derived from resting fMRI data have been characterized in the adult and child brain, similar assessments have not been conducted in infants. In this study, we examined the intra-session test-retest reliability of FC measures from 119 infant brain MRI scans from four neurodevelopmental studies.

Effects of gradual weight loss on strength levels and body composition in wrestlers athletes.

Background: Few investigations have evaluated isokinetic torque after a period of weight loss in wrestlers. Thus, the current study sought to investigate the effects of gradual weight loss in the precompetitive period on isokinetic peak torque in the upper and lower limbs and body composition in wrestling athletes.

Methods: Eight elite athletes participated in the study (mean age 20.

Distance Education Course about Sexuality for Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents.

 To describe the experience of a distance education course on sexual issues during pregnancy and after birth for residents.  This prospective educational intervention study was conducted by investigators from the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil, between April and September 2014. The participants were 219 physicians (residents from the 1st to the 6th years).

Experience of an online course on sexuality during pregnancy for residents.

Objective: Many obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents report insufficient knowledge about female sexuality and this has a negative impact on their capacity to manage their patients. The aim of this study was to describe an online course about sexuality during pregnancy for Brazilian Ob/Gyn residents and evaluate their knowledge acquisition.

Methods: This longitudinal educational intervention study involved 219 Brazilian Ob/Gyn residents.

Dealing with female sexuality: training, attitude, and practice of obstetrics and gynecology residents from a developing country.

Introduction: There is little research on how obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents deal with female sexuality, especially during pregnancy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the training, attitude, and practice of Ob/Gyn residents about sexuality.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Brazilian Ob/Gyn residents enrolling in an online sexology course was conducted.

Personality traits in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: evidence of cortical abnormalities from a surface morphometry study.

Cluster B personality disorders (PD), characterized as emotional instability, immaturity, lack of discipline, and rapid mood changes, have been observed among patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and have been associated with a worse seizure outcome. Proper understanding of the neurobiology of PD associated with JME could contribute to understanding the basis for earlier and more effective interventions. In the present study, volumetric and geometric features of cortical structure were assessed through an automated cortical surface reconstruction method aiming to verify possible structural cortical alterations among patients with JME.

Effects of prone and supine position on oxygenation and inflammatory mediator in a hydrochloric acid-induced lung dysfunction in rats.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation of supine versus prone position in hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced lung dysfunction.

Methods: Twenty, adult, male, Wistar-EPM-1 rats were anesthetized and randomly grouped (n=5 animals per group) as follows: CS-MV (mechanical ventilation in supine position); CP-MV (mechanical ventilation in prone position); bilateral instillation of HCl and mechanical ventilation in supine position (HCl+S); and bilateral instillation of HCl and mechanical ventilation in prone position (HCl+P). All groups were ventilated for 180 minutes.

Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance.

The gut hormone and neuropeptide ghrelin affects energy balance and growth hormone release through hypothalamic action that involves synaptic plasticity in the melanocortin system. Ghrelin binding is also present in other brain areas, including the telencephalon, where its function remains elusive. Here we report that circulating ghrelin enters the hippocampus and binds to neurons of the hippocampal formation, where it promotes dendritic spine synapse formation and generation of long-term potentiation.