Harnessing Deep Eutectic Solvents for Regioselective Polar Additions to α, β Unsaturated Ketones and Aldehydes.

Advancing the use of air-sensitive polar organometallic Grignard and organolithium reagents under more environmentally benign conditions, here we report the addition of these reagents to α,β-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride (ChCl): glycerol (Gly) (1 : 2), under air. Reactions occur at room temperature within seconds with excellent regioselective control. Furthering understanding of how these C-C bond forming processes take place in these reaction media, we have explored the surface concentration of the organic substrate (chalcone) in DES using interfacial tension and neutron reflectivity measurements, finding that chalcone is concentrated at the DES-hydrocarbon interface compared to the bulk concentration, although the interfacial chalcone concentration is still relatively low in this system.

Cationic micelles in deep eutectic solvents: effects of solvent composition.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are mixtures of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors that form strongly hydrogen-bonded room temperature liquids. Changing the H-bonding components and their ratios can alter the physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents. Recent studies have shown -toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) forms room temperature liquids with choline chloride (ChCl) at different molar ratios: 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 2 : 1 [Rodriguez Rodriguez , , 2019, (4), 3940].

Nanostructure in Amphiphile-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of modern, often "green" solvents with unique properties. Recently, a deep eutectic system based on amphiphilic surfactant -alkyl-,-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (C12 & C14 sulfobetaine) and (1)-(+)-10-camphor-sulfonic acid in the molar ratio 1:1.5 has been reported.

Role of the Deep Eutectic Solvent Reline in the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles.

This work presents a mechanistic understanding of the synthesis of small (<3 nm) gold nanoparticles in a nontoxic, eco-friendly, and biodegradable eutectic mixture of choline chloride and urea (reline) without the addition of external reducing or stabilization agents. Reline acts as a reducing agent by releasing ammonia ( urea hydrolysis), forming gold nanoparticles even at trace ammonia concentration levels. Reline also affects the speciation of the gold precursor forming gold chloro-complexes, stabilizing Au species, leading to an easier reduction and avoiding the otherwise fast disproportionation reaction.

Self-assembly of ionic and non-ionic surfactants in type IV cerium nitrate and urea based deep eutectic solvent.

Understanding and manipulating micelle morphology are key to exploiting surfactants in various applications. Recent studies have shown surfactant self-assembly in a variety of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) where both the nature of surfactants and the interaction of the surfactant molecule with the solvent components influence the size, shape, and morphology of the micelles formed. So far, micelle formation has only been reported in type III DESs, consisting solely of organic species.

Morphology Modulation of Ionic Surfactant Micelles in Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are potentially greener solvents obtained through the complexation of simple precursors which, among other applications, have been investigated in recent years for their ability to support the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. It is crucial to understand the factors which influence surfactant solubility and self-assembly with respect to the interaction of the surfactant molecule with the DES components. In this work, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate the micellization of cationic (CTAB) and anionic (SDS) surfactants in a ternary DES comprising choline chloride, urea, and glycerol, where the hydrogen bond donors are mixed in varying molar ratios.