Methylation analysis as an auxiliary tool in cytological diagnostics of infrequent anogenital lesions - a pilot study.

Methylation silencing of certain cellular genes is a sign of carcinogenesis progression and therefore tests that detect methylation could be used in the diagnosis or staging of malignant diseases. In the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix which are almost 100% caused by long-term infection with highrisk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), methylation silencing of certain cellular genes is a highly specific marker of advanced dysplastic lesions and appears to result from aberrant activation of the methyltransferase DNMT1 by viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. A methylation test performed on a cervicovaginal cytology specimen allows to increase the diagnostic value of this non-invasive test and to select patients with severe squamous cell lesions for follow-up.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA may rarely be present in a uterine cervix LBC sample at the asymptomatic early stage of COVID 19 disease.

Objective: Currently, it is thought that uterine cervix mucosal samples present a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. So far, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Nevertheless, clinicians could be exposed unaware to the coronavirus while performing and handling a Pap smear.

The role of a pathologist in surgical staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

The incidence of cervical cancer is high in the Czech Republic. Altogether 822 new cases were found in this country during 2016 which means the incidence 15,3 new diseases / 100,000 women. FIGO (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d´Obstétrique) staging of carcinoma for the cervix was changed as follows.

The newly proposed International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification and its relevance to cervical cytology screening assessed in a prospective 2-year study of 118 cases.

Background: It is generally acknowledged that interobserver variability for the histological diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma (EA) subtypes is suboptimal. The recently proposed International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) system is based on the presence of associated human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. It recognises HPV-associated EAs and non-HPV-associated EAs.

The detection of DNA methylation of tumour suppressor genes in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: A prospective cytological-histological correlation study of 70 cases.

Background: DNA methylation has been suggested as one of the epigenetic changes promoting carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the methylation status of CADM 1, MAL and hsa-miR-124 genes in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with a histological correlation.

Methods: Seventy histologically confirmed cases of HSIL paired with prior screening LBC diagnosis of HSIL within a 3-month interval were selected.

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Czech Republic and possibilities of its prevence.

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix belongs to significant malignancy in the Czech Republic. The goal of organized national cervical cancer screening program is to decrease incidence and mortality of this disease. Discovery of casual relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer together with modern examinations methods pushed forward possibilities of primary and secondary prevention worldwide.

Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Patients Differ Strongly in Frequencies and Spectra between Patients with Low CD4+ Cell Counts Examined Postmortem and Compensated Patients Examined Antemortem Irrespective of the HAART Era.

Objective: AIDS-related mortality has changed dramatically with the onset of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which has even allowed compensated HIV-infected patients to withdraw from secondary therapy directed against opportunistic pathogens. However, in recently autopsied HIV-infected patients, we observed that associations with a broad spectrum of pathogens remain, although detailed analyses are lacking. Therefore, we focused on the possible frequency and spectrum shifts in pathogens associated with autopsied HIV-infected patients.