Publications by authors named "Iva Hojsak"

Background: There are scarce data available on upadacitinib in children with Crohn's disease (CD).

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib as an induction therapy in paediatric CD.

Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective study between 2022 and 2024 of children treated with upadacitinib for induction of remission of active CD conducted in 30 centres worldwide affiliated with the IBD Interest and Porto group of the ESPGHAN.

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The relationship between symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and objective reflux measurements obtained through multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between LPR symptoms and objective reflux episodes and possible associations between fibreoptic ENT findings, eosinophil counts, and serum IgE levels with reflux episodes detected by MII-pH. In this prospective study, MII-pH monitoring, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, nasal swabs for eosinophils, total serum IgE levels, and symptom assessment (Reflux Symptom Index, RSI) were performed in all children with suspected LPR.

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Objective: We aimed to provide an evidence-supported approach to diagnose, monitor, and treat children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Methods: The core group formulated seven PICO-structured clinical questions. A systematic literature search from inception to December 2022 was conducted by a medical librarian using MEDLINE and EMBASE.

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Background And Aims: Data on upadacitinib therapy in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) or unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib as an induction therapy in pediatric UC or IBD-U.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, children treated with upadacitinib for induction of remission of active UC or IBD-U from 30 centers worldwide were enrolled.

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Background/objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is a common immune-mediated, chronic systemic disorder that is treated with a strict, life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). In addition to gastrointestinal manifestations, CD also presents with a variety of extraintestinal symptoms, including significant neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among these neurological manifestations, motor dysfunctions are particularly notable.

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Gut microbial features and the role of early life stress in pediatric functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) have never been investigated before. Here, we hypothesize that early life stress is more prevalent in FAP-NOS compared to healthy controls and that fecal microbial profiles and related metabolites differ between groups. In an international multicenter case-control study, FAP-NOS patients ( = 40) were compared to healthy controls ( = 55).

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What Is Known: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) causes muscle relaxation by inhibiting acetylcholine release from presynaptic motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction.

What Is New: In children with achalasia, BoNT can be considered only in patients in whom rapid weight gain is important to improve surgical outcomes. BoNT has been suggested for treating cricopharyngeal achalasia and delayed gastric emptying.

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The use of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is an area of ongoing research. Some studies suggest that dietary supplementation with omega-3 FA can help manage symptoms of AD by reducing lesion severity, skin inflammation, dryness and itching, while others show no significant beneficial effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FA from fish oil in combination with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) from blackcurrant seed oil in children with AD.

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Diet has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and, more specifically, Crohn's disease (CD), for a long time [...

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Article Synopsis
  • The study assessed how being overweight or obese affects treatment response and relapse rates in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing anti-TNF therapy.
  • Conducted across 22 centers in 14 countries, it involved 637 children, with a comparison between those who were overweight/obese and those of normal weight.
  • Findings showed no difference in loss of response to treatment initially, but overweight/obese children had higher relapse rates by the end of follow-up, indicating a potential long-term risk associated with their weight status.
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Background: The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of an exercise program on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep quality in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission.

Methods: A total of 42 pediatric IBD patients in remission were recruited to participate in a 6-month-long home-based exercise program. Their mean age was 15.

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The most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in children include infantile colic, constipation, functional abdominal pain (FAP), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Unfortunately, treatment options for FGID in children are limited, therefore many dietary interventions have been evaluated, including probiotics. This chapter summarizes currently available evidence and recommendations for probiotic use in the treatment of frequent FGIDs in children.

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Objectives: This study described disease characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients diagnosed with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) (diagnosed before 6 years of age) and infantile-IBD (before 2 years).

Methods: Cases from 21 centers worldwide diagnosed with VEOIBD (2008-2018), with minimum 2 years of follow-up, were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The cohort included 243 patients (52% males, median follow-up of 5.

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Background: Although parenteral nutrition (PN) significantly improves mortality rates in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS), long-term PN has many possible complications and impacts quality of life. Bowel lengthening procedures (BLPs) increase the contact surface of food and the intestinal mucosa and enable the better absorption of nutrients and liquids, possibly leading to a PN decrease.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with short bowel syndrome who underwent BLPs in the period from January 2016 to January 2022.

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The recent advisory issued by the United States Food and Drug Administration, cautioning against the routine administration of probiotics in preterm neonates, has sparked a lively debate within the scientific community. This commentary presents a perspective from members of the Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications within the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and other authors who contributed to the ESPGHAN position paper on probiotics for preterm infants, as well as representatives from the European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants. We advocate for a more nuanced and supportive approach to the use of certain probiotics in this vulnerable population, balancing the demonstrated benefits and risks.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Stratified and precision nutrition focuses on tailoring dietary interventions to an individual's unique traits and environment to manage or prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • - A literature review revealed four key themes in the context of IBD: nutrition's role in predicting IBD risk, food-based interventions, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for Crohn's disease, and the use of pre- and probiotics in management.
  • - There is a lack of sufficient evidence to provide specific dietary recommendations for IBD, necessitating further research to confirm initial findings and establish effective interventions.
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Dysbiosis corresponds to the disruption of a formerly stable, functionally complete microbiota. In the gut, this imbalance can lead to adverse health outcomes in both the short and long terms, with a potential increase in the lifetime risks of various noncommunicable diseases and disorders such as atopy (like asthma), inflammatory bowel disease, neurological disorders, and even behavioural and psychological disorders. Although antibiotics are highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common, non-negligible clinical sign of gut dysbiosis (and the only visible one).

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Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. Although recommendations for probiotic use should be strain-specific, many systematic reviews, including recommendations from different societies, recommend probiotic use in general, providing no relevant information for healthcare professionals regarding which probiotic to recommend for which clinical indication, at what dose, and for how long. This narrative review aimed to present the available evidence on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of common gastrointestinal diseases in children, considering the strain and dose used.

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Background: Recurrent wheezing and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are common in young children, with a suggested but challenging link between them. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of pH-MII monitoring in preschool children with recurrent wheezing and evaluate GERD-related therapy effects.

Methods: Children under 6 years with recurrent wheeze were eligible.

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Background And Aims: From the patients' perspective, diet has a relevant role in triggering symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is a lack of prospective studies regarding the diet of children with IBD. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and impact of self-imposed elimination diets on the nutritional status and clinical course of disease in the pediatric population.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the characteristics and natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis related to inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD) diagnosed before age 6, referred to as very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) compared to those diagnosed later.
  • A total of 69 children were analyzed, finding that while most had ulcerative colitis, the VEO-PSC-IBD group had a higher incidence of PSC/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome.
  • Results suggest that VEO-PSC-IBD has similar initial characteristics to later-onset PSC-IBD but presents with a milder disease course, particularly regarding biliary complications.
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Background: This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with sarcopenia diagnosed by MRI and compare these results to bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).

Methods: Children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) who had MRI enterography (MRE) and BIA and had at least 12 months of follow-up were included. Total psoas muscle area (TPMA) and total paravertebral muscle (TPVM) were measured and compared to subjects' lean mass and the lean mass body index (LMBI) was assessed by BIA.

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Background: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding is an important public health intervention with multiple benefits for both infants and mothers. Even modest increases in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding could significantly reduce healthcare costs and improve maternal and child health outcomes. However, widespread adoption of breastfeeding recommendations remains poor in most settings, which contributes to widening health and social inequalities.

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Article Synopsis
  • Ulcerative proctitis (UP) is a rare form of ulcerative colitis in children, with the study analyzing clinical features and outcomes of 196 diagnosed patients aged under 18 from 2016 to 2020.
  • Most patients presented with symptoms like bloody stools and abdominal pain, and the study found that higher initial disease activity scores (PUCAI) were linked to worse outcomes, including the need for more aggressive treatments.
  • By the end of the study, nearly half of the patients showed disease progression, and only a small percentage required colectomy, highlighting the challenges in managing UP in pediatric patients.
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