[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms].

To evaluate the efficiency of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of salivary neoplasms, 68 patients (50 with benign tumors of the salivary glands, 10 with theirs malignant tumors, 8 with salivary cysts) were examined. The authors revealed the high informative value of CT in the diagnosis of salivary bulky lesions. CT defined the site of a tumor, the benign or malignant pattern of its growth, the extent of tumorous invasion.

[Computed tomography of the pleura].

The paper examines CT images of the pleura and interlobar culci in health and in disease. For this, 403 patients were examined (420 CT studies), of whom 218 had pleural lesion and 185 formed a control group. The complex of studies involved computed tomography (CT) as compared with conventional radiation studies.

[The functional results of distal subtotal gastric resections in cancer patients].

It was clinically proven that a gastrojejunostomy with Rue-type anastomosis, following the subtotal gastric resection has better functional results. This method does not cause as many late postoperative disorders as Billroth I and Billroth II operations. So, it is better to use the Rue-type anastomosis for treatment of distal stomach cancer stage I-III.

[X-ray semiotics of sialolithiasis in functional digital subtraction sialography].

Twenty-seven patients with sialolithiasis were examined using functional subtraction sialography developed by the authors. Differential diagnostic signs characterizing the degree of involvement of the salivary gland were defined. High efficacy of the method helps correctly plan the treatment strategy.

[The etiology of sialolithiasis].

The authors have revealed dilatation of the excretory ducts of salivary glands involved in sialolithiasis and of other salivary glands in a patient. A hypothesis on the primary etiological role of ductal ectasia in the development of sialolithiasis in case some other additional factors are present is put forward. The authors recommend resorting to computer-aided tomography and functional digital subtraction sialography of the salivary glands for the diagnosis of sialolithiasis and discuss the advantages of these methods in comparison with other ones.

[Pharmacological modifications of radiation methods for studying the kidneys in determining the nature of the stenosis of the pelviureteral segment in patients with nephrolithiasis. Its outpatient diagnosis].

As many as 17 nephrolithiasis and 6 hydronephrosis patients with surgically verified irreversible (n = 13) and reversible (n = 10) stenosis of the pelviureteral segment were examined. To distinguish the character of the stenosis, use was made of excretory urography and dynamic scintigraphy with progesterone, ultrasound, and dynamic scintigraphy with furosemide. In nephrolithiasis patients, dynamic scintigraphy is less informative as compared to other modifications.

[Functional digital subtraction sialography in the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases].

Functional digital subtraction sialography with a water soluble radiopaque agent (verografin) made it possible to investigate the structure and functional changes in the salivary glands of 26 patients with a minimum injury of the glands. The method permitted a decrease in a dose of the agent 4 times as compared to routine sialography; the consumption of x-ray film was decreased 5-fold. Digital processing of images helped avoid superimposing of the cranial bone components, improving the quality of images of the salivary glands.

[Test control of student knowledge in radiodiagnosis course].

Various test control tasks to assess the level of self-preparedness for practical work in class, knowledge and skills were shown promising for use in the course of a study of the fundamentals of radiodiagnosis during control of knowledge of 191 students of the medical faculty. With the test control the students reached a necessary level of knowledge. Therefore the authors recommended to use multistage situation problems and test tasks in the course of teaching of combined radiodiagnosis.

[Dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys using lasix].

Dynamic scintigraphy with lasix (urosemide) in 59 patients with hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, chronic pyelonephritis, ureterohydronephrosis on an initial scintigram has shown retention of 99mTc-DTPA in the urinary tracts: an increase or absence of the excretory segment on the activity-time curve up to the appearance of an obstructive type of a curve. Verified operative findings in 19 patients with hydronephrosis and nephrolithiasis have shown a high sensitivity and accuracy of the detection of stenosis of the urinary tracts in the absence of the excretory segment on an initial scintigram irrespective of the fact whether it appears or not on a scintigram after lasix administration. Stenosis of the ureteropelvic segment can be observed in the presence of the excretory segment on an initial scintigram with a prolonged half-period of RP excretion; its 2-fold decrease is noted on a scintigram after lasix administration.

[Scintigraphy of the thoracic lymph nodes and lungs using Ga-67 citrate in combined examination of patients with sarcoidosis].

Altogether 121 patients with sarcoidosis, stages I and II, were investigated by scintigraphy of the intrathoracic lymph nodes and lungs with 67Ga-citrate, determining angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and using bronchoalveolar lavage. RP accumulation in the lymph nodes was shown to reflect disease activity and was not associated with the spreading and stage of a process in the lymph nodes. A possibility of control of therapeutic efficacy (reduced disease activity, regression of the affected areas, and the appearance of new foci) was shown on the basis of analysis of the results of corticosteroid therapy of 37 sarcoidosis patients.

[Scintigraphy in the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases].

An original method of sialoscintigraphy was used to investigate the structure and function of the unchanged salivary glands in 108 patients and in 192 patients with various diseases of the salivary glands (chronic interstitial sialadenitis, chronic parenchymatous sialadenitis, chronic sialadenitis, reactive-dystrophic diseases and tumors. The data obtained are of great importance for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of salivary gland diseases as well as for the evaluation of effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

[Experience in the use of clinical training games in the teaching of radionuclide diagnosis].

The authors consider the experience in the use of clinical training games as one of the forms of problem-solving teaching that help to prepare students for their future professional activities. The methodology of the games is described: clinical situations, methodological materials, the roles of the game participants, control and correction methods. Clinical training games have advantages over the previous methods of teaching how to solve situational and diagnostic problems.