[Dynamics of cognitive and emotional-volitional disorders in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy during the treatment with levetiracetam].

We examined 76 children and adolescents (45 boys (59.2%), 31 girls (40.8%), aged from 6 to 17 years (mean age 14.

[An analysis of hospital mortality of casualties with combined cerebro-cranial traumas in St. Petersburg and problems of the quality of medical care].

Clinico-statistical characterization of 661 subjects who died from combined cerebro-cranial traumas in hospitals of St. Petersburg in 2004 is presented with an analysis of the quality of medical care rendered to them. Most of those subjects had severe combined injuries with dominating or markedly seen signs of combined cerebro-cranial traumas.

[Antioxidative effects of isoflavon genisteine-8-C-glycoside in vitro and in vivo].

Bioflavonoids (polyhydroxyphenols) are ubiquitous components of plants, fruits and vegetables; these compounds are efficient scavengers of free oxygen radicals and peroxides. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of genistein-8-C-glycoside (G8CG) isolated from the flowers of Lipinus luteus L. G8CG dose-dependently inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation and prevented GSH oxidation in human red blood cells and rat liver homogenates under tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress and single whole-body gamma-irradiation (1 Gy) of rats.

[Audiometry in critical frequency bands of hearing].

The analysis of the choice and distribution of the fixed frequencies in the course of audiometry and mechanisms of automatic regulation in the hearing system (HS) gave grounds to suppose that: 1) HS is rather a multichannel system than a single channel, the number of channels being equal to the number of frequency critical acoustic bands (that is 24); 2) not one but 24 mechanisms of threshold hearing adaptation operate in HS, one for each critical hearing band; 3) the number of fixed frequencies at which audiometry is made (125 Hz-8 kHz) should be 21 while now it is 9 and these frequencies should not change by ostave, but must correspond to central frequencies of critical hearing bands this number of frequencies being optimal.

[A hydrodynamic model of a cochlea with a discrete basilar membrane].

The hydrodynamic model of a cochlea (dimensions 520 x 120 x 100 (mm)), with the basilar membrane (BM) consisting of 50 discrete resonance links in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 128 Hz was constructed. Two ways of giving harmonic and impulse's signals at the model were used; a) through the membrane of the vestibular window (directly through the filled model liquid along the BM) and b) through the thread fastened to the basal part of the BM (by the travelling wave on the BM). It was shown that in the first case the transmission's time to apical part of the BM equals 0.

[Total anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins into the coronary sinus (clinical aspects, diagnosis and surgical treatment)].

Total anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins into the coronary sinus is a complicated congenital heart disease which takes a particularly severe course at early age. Its diagnosis is based on the discovery of overfilling of pulmonary circulation on radiography in a cyanotic patient, atrial septal defect and distended coronary sinus on echocardiography, and, in some cases, anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins into the coronary sinus. The final diagnosis may be established during selective pulmonary arteriography.

[Photomodification of autologous blood in surgery].

The use of the method of autologous blood photomodification in surgery is discussed on basis of generalized experience of the Leningrad Research-Practical Center of Blood Photomodification (3,000 procedures conducted in over 2,000 patients). The current state of the problem, the main mechanisms of the therapeutic action of the procedure, and the clinical efficacy of the method in various surgical diseases are dealt with. The possible complications and the means of their prevention are deal with.

[Morphometric analysis of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in normal states and in postischemic reperfusion].

The analysis of mean values of mitochondrial parameters calculated according to the formula measuring the number of particles in 1 cubic micron has suggested that in cardiomyocytes during reperfusion mitochondria can be described as ellipsoids, whose length is comparable with the length of sarcomeres, and unaffected cardiomyocytes as long bent structures. The volume of one mitochondrion and the surface of mitochondria in 1 cubic micron of sarcoplasm in control and affected cardiomyocytes were identical. The surface of one mitochondrion during postischemic reperfusion was decreased and the number of mitochondria in 1 cubic micron of sarcoplasm was higher than in the control.

[Early alcoholization and drug abuse behavior as a manifestation of delinquency in children and adolescents].

Long-term investigation of 115 children and adolescents of either sex with delinquent behavior is presented. Of these, in 81 an early alcoholization and in 29 drug abuse behavior has been revealed. The first experience with toxic substances and alcohol was generally inspired by persons of the same age.

[Quantitative ultrastructural criteria of myocardial damage in postischemic reperfusion].

Swollen clarified mitochondria were found during postischemic reperfusion in cardiomyocytes with and without signs of myofibril relaxation. The values of morphometric parameters of mitochondria were similar in both groups of cells studied. Mean indexes characterizing the condition of cardiomyocyte mitochondria may serve as quantitative criteria of the severity of myocardial damage: surface to volume, ratio, visual index of mitochondrial condition and relative volume density, i.

[Assessment of the state of the myocardium from the histochemical detection of dehydrogenases in the presence of granular diformazan].

Histochemical tests for dehydrogenases in isolated rat myocardia have shown the level of granular diformazan to correlate with the presence of fat drops in cardiomyocytes. Using a semiquantitative method they developed for assessing myocardial status from histochemical tests for dehydrogenases (glutamate, isocitrate, lactate, succinate, beta-hydroxybutyrate NADH, or NADPH dehydrogenases), the authors found that demonstration of granular diformazan in such tests is not associated with alterations in the state of particular dehydrogenases but is indicative of fatty dystrophy.

[Pathocharacterologic reactions in adolescence].

Pathocharacterological reactions have been studied in a long-term follow-up (9-12 years) of 58 youths aged 14-18 years. These reactions were observed more frequently (P less than 0.05) in teenagers with a premorbid accentuation of the character of the epileptoid, unstable, hyperthymic, or hysteroid types.

[Stages and systematics of psychopathies and psychopath-like disorders of a non-psychotic nature in adolescents (multi-year study)].

A long-term study covered 121 adolescents with psychopathies and psychopathy-like disturbances. A stable level of social adaptation was ascertained in 83.3% of the adolescents with acute affective reactions, in 69.

[Effectiveness of protecting the myocardium against ischemia with a normothermic cardioplegic solution and creatine phosphate].

The protective effects of cardioplegic solutions (CS) containing creatine phosphate (CP) were studied in a rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass and ischemic cardiac arrest. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to a 3-minute coronary infusion with CS containing CP in normothermic (37 degrees C) and hypothermic (4-6 degrees C) regimes. In the normothermia group, the postischemic functional recovery was 70-75% of the preischemic control value, while the cellular ATP and CP content was reduced but insignificantly.