[Studies of red blood cells biochemistry and erythropoiesis intensity in humans during the 520-day isolation study].

Erythrocyte metabolism and erythropoiesis intensity were investigated in the humans subjects (6 males, 25 to 37 yrs. of age) volunteered for experimental simulation of such factors in a mission to Mars as very long duration (520-d) of isolation and confinement, autonomy, delayed communication, emergencies, and limited consumable resources. Venous blood and extracted erythrocytes were analyzed in the baseline data collection period (2 wks.

[Examination of the morphofunctional properties of red blood cells of humans in 5-day dry immersioin].

Blood of six normal male volunteers sampled before, immediately after and in 7 days since 5-d dry immersion was analyzed for morphological parameters, erythrocyte metabolism, lipids and phospholipids levels. The experimental exposure was shown to increase the erythrocyte count. Also, upward trends were displayed by hemoglobin and PCV on the first day after the experiment; a significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate and low level of reduced glutathione could be an outcome of enhanced oxidation in cell due to, maybe, LPO activation.

[Studies of the blood antioxidant system and oxygen-transporting properties of human erythrocytes during 105-day isolation].

Effects of strict 105-d isolation on blood antioxidant status, erythrocyte membrane processes and oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobin were studied in 6 male volunteers (25 to 40 y.o.) in ground-based simulation of a mission to Mars (experiment Mars-105).

[Investigations of the morphofunctional properties of red blood in human subjects during 9-day exposure in oxyargon medium with various oxygen content].

Biochemical investigations of red blood and oxygen transportation by erythrocyte hemoglobin were performed in volunteered for chamber experiments (0.14 MPa) with normal and hypoxic oxyargon medium (O2-Ar). Erythrocyte metabolism, lipid and phospholipids spectra, and effectiveness of oxygen release and retention by hemoglobin were studied in the baseline data collection period, on day 6 in hyperbaric and normoxic O2-Ar medium (13.

[Red blood of cosmonauts on missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS)].

Morphobiochemical investigations of red blood (space experiment Hematologiya) involved the ISS Russian crew members (increments 6-12). Blood samples were drawn on L-30, at the beginning (FD 6-10) and end (FD 160-190) of orbital flight, shortly after landing (R+0), and on R+7 and R+15. Results of the investigations of red blood metabolism and cell membrane showed that long-duration space flight reduces the hemoglobin level in consequence of, probably, intensive erythropoiesis and premature partial elimination of degraded (possibly old) erythrocytes from circulating blood.

[Role of viscosity and permeability of erythrocyte plasmatic membrane in controlling the oxygen transport effectiveness by human hemoglobin on completion of space flight].

Plasmatic membrane viscosity and permeability and hemoporphyrine conformation in human hemoglobin were studied on completion of long-duration space flight (LSF). Reversible increases in viscosity and selective permeability (Na+/H+ -turnover) of erythrocyte plasmatic membrane were observed immediately after and in the period of recovery from LSF. Viscosity of lipids in both external and internal locations of plasmatic membrane in human erythrocytes was changed after LSF.

[Morphobiochemical assay of the red blood system in members of the prime crews of the International Space Station].

According to the experiment Hematology protocol, blood samples from the Russian members of ISS prime crews 1 to 5 were gathered on L-30 and R+0, 7, 15 to study metabolic parameters (ATP, reduced glutathione, LHG and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities). Lipid spectrum of membrane erythrocytes was determined in frozen erythrocyte mass; iron turnover and erythropoietin were investigated in frozen serum. Ratios of different erythrocyte forms were established in 32 microl of fixated whole blood using scanning electron microscopy.

[The red blood system in men during long-term head-down bed rest].

Red blood was analyzed in six 25 to 40 yr. old male volunteers in a 120-d head-down bedrest (HDBR) study. The hematological investigation included morphological analyses (erythrocyte count and hemoglobin), and determination of iron turnover, erythrocyte IgA, IgG and IgM, metabolism, lipids and phospholipids, and lipid peroxidation rate (LPO).

[Effects of UV-radiation on metabolism and structural-functional status of the rat's erythrocyte membranes].

In-vitro analysis of venous blood taken from rats irradiated by 300 and 5,000 J/m2 of UV showed no effect on metabolism and, therefore, energy and recovery systems of erythrocytes. Concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and reduced glutathione were increased after irradiation by 5,000 J/m2. UV-irradiation at 10,000 J/m2 decreased adenosine triphosphate and phospholipids in blood and impaired the functional stability of erythrocyte membranes.

[Hematological investigations in conditions of long-term space flights].

In the nearly 15-month mission aboard MIR the cosmonaut-physician and members of three crews (MIR-15, -16, and -17) carried out a program of hematological investigations. Most of the changes related to the red blood system and included reduction in hemoglobin and hematocrit. Erythrocytes had decreased concentration and took on abnormal forms.

[Influence of space flight factors on peripheral red blood cells in humans].

Investigations of cosmonauts' peripheral red blood prior to and on days 1, 7 and 14 post long-term MIR-19 and -20 missions dealt with the morphological composition of blood, indices of iron exchange, correlation of erythrocyte shapes, and the lipid and phospholipid profiles of the erythrocyte membrane. To this avail, methods of light electron microscopy, radioimmune analysis, and thin-layer microscopy were used. Among the unidirectional shifts in the crewmembers of these missions were changes in ion exchange indices and the lipid and phospholipid profiles of erythrocyte membrane which were indicative of increased microviscosity of the lipid layer.