[Influence of work factors on health state in personnel servicing military nuclear technical objects].

Complex of occupational studies and medical, statistical research helped to reveal climate, geographic and other factors influencing health state of personnel servicing military nuclear technical objects. Considering peculiarities of occupational activities in various specialists, the authors specified measures to improve medical service for nuclear technical military officers directly working with nuclear ammunition. Practical application of the measures helped to gain 1.

[Protection from radiation by selenium].

We examined acute toxicity and radioprotective activity of inorganic (calcium selenites, manganese, strontium and lanthanum) and organic selenium compounds. Results from animal experiments indicate that some of the organic selenium compounds are protective against ionizing radiation and promising as radioprotective agents. The time required to achieve the maximum radioprotective activity for selenium compounds depends on the degree of oxidation.

[An experimental study of the effect of Zofran on the manifestations of a primary reaction to irradiation].

Zofran is a selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors which effectively prevents postradiation dyspeptic and behavioral disorders in dogs and rats. Administration of the drug normalizes intestinal absorption and propulsion activity in irradiated animals.

[The role of the endogenous opioid system in the mechanisms of the development of early postradiation autonomic and behavioral disorders].

In the experiments with rats and dogs it was shown that irradiation within the dose range of 50-100 Gy is accompanied by the increasing of enkephaline content in various brain structures and beta-endorphine level in blood plasma. The blocking of the opiate receptors naloxone promotes the decrease of post-radiation vomiting in dogs, gastrostasis and hypokinesia in rats. That supports the participation of endogenous opioid system in the primary clinical reaction response to irradiation.

[Prostaglandins--their role in the mechanisms of the development of the primary reaction to radiation syndrome].

In experiments with dogs and rats it has been shown that early after high doses of irradiation, the content of prostaglandins in the blood plasma increases, whereas in the intestinal tissues it decreases. The inhibitors of prostaglandins synthesis indomethacin and voltaren hinder the development of early digestive disturbances, normalize the intestine absorptive and propulsive functions and make post-irradiation hypokinesia less pronounced. Possible mechanisms of the prostaglandins involvement in the genesis of prodromal radiation syndrome are discussed.

[Clinical and experimental investigation on the radioprotective effect of riboxine in low-dose fractionated irradiation].

In experiments with dogs (fractionated y-irradiation, accumulated dose 1Gy) as well as in clinical testing of the group of men, recieved 0,25 Gy being engaged in the Chernobyl NPS disaster repairment, the positive influence of riboxin (purine nucleoside) course treatment on parameters of peripheral blood and non-specific resistance system has bee n shown.

[The effect of a high-intensity radiation exposure on the brain function of monkeys. The postradiation changes in the EEG response to rhythmic photostimulation].

In experiments with monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) it has been shown that whole-body irradiation with a dose of 45 Gy (6.5 Gy/s) causes considerable changes in the EEG response to rhythmic photostimulation (PS). These changes are: reduction of the desynchronizing effect of PS with regard to a background rhythmicity; decrease in the reception rate of the rhythms of light flashes (RLF); narrowing of the RLF frequency range; and increase in the reaction momentum.

[Effect of a high-intensity radiation exposure on brain function in monkeys. Postradiation changes in central coordination of brain bioelectrical processes].

In experiments with Macaca fascicularis exposed to high-energy electrons (45 Gy, 6.5 Gy/s) revealed were early changes in the coherent spectrum of EEG semihemispheric leads. These changes were displayed by the increased interrelation between slow-wave fluctuations and decreased coherence within the mid- and high-frequency EEG-rhythms band.

[The effect of a high-intensity radiation exposure on the brain function of monkeys. The postradiation changes in brain bioelectrical activity].

In experiments with Macaca fascicularis it has been found that changes in the total bioelectric activity of the brain within the EEG range that occur during the first 60 min following whole-body irradiation with a dose of 45 Gy (6.5 Gy/s) are interrelated with the dynamics of nervous and psychic activity of the exposed animals, exhibit a definite stereotype of their development (disorganization of rhythms: generalized synchronization of biopotentials; and development of synchronous processes), and coincide in time with the main stages of the development of the clinical picture of the acute postirradiation period (noncoordinated stimulation, sopor or coma, and partial recovery).

[The effect of highly intensive irradiation on the functional status of the brain in monkeys].

In experiments with Macaca fascicularis a study was made of early manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS) disturbances caused by exposure to 24 MeV electrons (45 Gy). The results obtained permit us to distinguish two main ways (stereotypes) by which a clinical picture of early postirradiation period develops: "comatose" and "non-comatose". A general clinical characteristic of each stereotype and stages of their development are presented.