[Mixed (photon-neutron) therapy in complex treatment for locally advanced breast cancer].

Long term results of treatment of patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma with the use of mixed photon-neutron therapy (PNT) are presented. Among 201 patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving radiation therapy, in 95 of them it was implemented as a combination of photon and neutron radiation therapy and in 106--in the form of mega-volt photon therapy (PT). Comparative evaluation of the long-term results of treatment proved the superiority of PNT.

[Immediate and long-term results of simultaneous chemoradiotherapy in non-traditional modes of fractionation in the treatment of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

The analysis of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out in 257 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Two methods of irradiation were used in combination with concurrent polychemotherapy: standard radiotherapy (2 Gy 5 times a week) and radiotherapy in non-traditional modes of fractionation with uneven breaking of the daily dose into two fractions (1 Gy + 1.5 Gy or 1 Gy + 2 Gy with 4-hour intervals) to a focal dose of 60 Gy.

[Fas receptor and Fas-ligand expression by cells of primary melanoma, effect on lymphoid infiltration through tumor bed and long-term results of therapy].

Predictive significance of lymphoid infiltration (LI) at the boundary of tumor and intact tissue was evaluated as well as the effect of Fas-receptor (Fas) and Fas-ligand (FasL) melanoma cell expression and lymphoid infiltrate generation, on the one hand, and end results on the other. Samples of melanoma tissues from 283 patients given combined and complex treatment were examined by a single morphologist. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on paraffin-embedded bioptates from 61 patients with marked LI or without it, to assess Fas and FasL expression.

[Adjuvant chemotherapy as a component of complex treatment for skin melanoma].

The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy as a component of complex treatment for skin melanoma and that of combined treatment alone was compared. 502 patients were given combined treatment including intensive preoperative irradiation of primary foci (STD-19Gy, TTD-50 Gy, 5 days), their extended excision with or without lymphadenectomy and postoperative irradiation of regional lymph nodes. Combined treatment was administered to 124 patients; additional adjuvant chemotherapy--5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, vincristine and cyclophosphamide (4 components)--200; neo- and adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin (2 components)--106; cisplatin, doxorubicin and dacarbazine (3 components)--29.

[Comparative analysis of long-term results of combined and surgical treatment at the patients with signet ring cell carcinoma of stomach].

Overall 194 patients with signet ring cell carcinoma of stomach were treated, 124 (64%) of them underwent combined treatment (preoperative radiotherapy with subsequent operation), 70 (36%) - only surgical treatment. There were no differences in survival rate between two groups at early (pT1) cancer. The combined method has advantages over isolated surgical at T2 tumors (both with and without regional lymphatic metastases) and at T3 tumors without regional lymphatic metastases (p=0.

[Local ultrasound hyperthermia as a component of radiotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of tubular bones in children and adolescents].

An evaluation of the end results of combined treatment for osteogenic sarcoma by standard chemoradiotherapy (n = 66) and novel thermochemical therapy (n = 108) using local ultrasound hyperthermia (total number--174) demonstrated their dependence on the temperature range in target tumor tissues. Use of subhypertemperatures of 39--41-45 deg.C (TTD--36 Gy) did not improve the results of treatment.

[Comparative analysis of long-term results of combined and surgical treatment in gastric cancer].

The end-results of combined and surgical treatment of gastric cancer are compared. Survival rates were sufficiently high in both procedures in cases without extension through the serosa (T1-2) or regional metastases with adenocarcinoma cells were well differentiated (NO). However, combined treatment proved more effective in cases of the opposite situations (p=0.

[Comparative assessment of immediate results of combined and surgical treatment of gastric cancer].

The 30-year experience with combined and surgical treatment of gastric cancer gained at the Center is discussed. The results of surgery were improved due to use of intensive preoperative radiotherapy, metronidazole and dynamic fractionated treatment. There was no correlation between intensive preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative complication incidence or lethality, irrespective of extent of surgery or lymph node dissection.

[Gender, tumor localization and regional metastases as prognostic factors in combined and complex treatment of cutaneous melanoma].

Data on 373 patients treated for cutaneous melanoma were evaluated to test a hypothesis whether there is a correlation between mechanism of protection from ultraviolet radiation and gender. Cutaneous melanoma of the extremities was identified in 63.2% of females and 26.

[Low-dose accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy for local control of chemoresistant Hodgkin's disease (a prospective randomized trial)].

The results are evaluated of the combined treatment of 154 patients with relapsed refractory Hodgkin's disease, which was conducted using standard dosage of conventional chemotherapy. Out of those, 117 with residual lesions were randomized to receive either focal radiotherapy (20-24 Gy) in accelerated hyperfractionation (1.3-1.

[Long-term results of pre- and intraoperative radiotherapy in the combined treatment for stomach cancer].

The paper discusses the end results of combined treatment of stomach cancer (radical surgery plus pre- and intraoperative radiotherapy). A randomized evaluation showed that it might be used for loco-regional monitoring. Five-year rates and median of survival rose significantly, as compared with surgery alone, in tumor extension through the stomach wall (T3-4), metastatic dissemination to lymph nodes (N1-2), combinations of such pathologies as well as in cases of low-differentiated, undifferentiated and signet- cell cancer.

[Role of radiotherapy of lung cancer].

Data on the 3-year end results of radiotherapy of inoperable localized nonsmall-cell lung cancer (286) and 5-year (98)--for chemoradiotherapy are compared. Three-year survival after hyperfractionated radiotherapy was 23.7% as compared with 11.

[Pre- and intraoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer in conjunction with extended lymph node dissection: results of phase II clinical study].

The paper discusses our findings on a phase II clinical study of an original procedure for therapy of locally advanced gastric cancer including pre- and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and extended lymph node dissection. Out of 24 patients, none had intraoperative complications while postoperative ones developed in 16%; lethality rate was 4%. As far as immediate results are concerned, intensive pre- and intraoperative radiotherapy proved fully compatible with any surgical procedure including extended and extended-combined ones.

[Choice of fractionation regimen in radiotherapy of inoperable esophageal cancer].

The results of definitive radiation treatment for 303 patients with inoperable esophageal cancer were analyzed. Four regimens of fractionation were used: (1) accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF) (70)--1.3 Gy, twice a day, 5 weeks, to a total of 57.

[Accelerated fractionation regimens in radiotherapy of inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer].

The results of definitive radiation treatment (1988-2000) for 375 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were analyzed. Three regimens of fractionation were used: (1) accelerated fractionation (AF)--(133), 2.5 Gy, 3 days a week, to a total of 47.

[Results of clinical studies of the efficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy in combined treatment of stomach cancer].

The results of clinical application of an original method of operable gastric cancer treatment including pre- and intraoperative irradiation (IORT) and radical intervention are presented. According to a randomized study, combination treatment did not involve intra- and postoperative complication rates higher than those of surgery alone. Moreover, a significant decrease in postoperative pancreatitis was registered.

[Intraoperative radiotherapy in the combined treatment of stomach cancer. Methodological and technical aspects].

Theoretical, experimental and clinical rationale is discussed for selection of targets and main parameters of intraoperative radiotherapy for gastric cancer. Topometric and dosage research has been carried out. Original technological equipment has been developed for safe treatment using the domestic accelerator Mikrotron-M.

[Thermotherapy for laryngeal cancer].

An analysis of the data on the treatment of 91 cases of advanced cancer of the larynx showed that local UHF-hyperthermotherapy is more efficient than the SHF one as a component of radiotherapy. Use of the latter procedure was followed by a higher rate of late-onset radiation injuries. Moreover, combined application of hyper-fractionated irradiation and UHF-hyperthermotherapy involved practically no grave complications while 5-year survival increased.

[Fast neutrons in the treatment of malignant neoplasms].

More than 250 patients, mainly with locally advanced tumors of the head, neck and breast were treated with a I MeV beam of fast neutrons emitted from a BR-10 reactor. The fast neutron contribution to the total dose of the radical component of complex gamma-neutron therapy was 20-40%. Said modality was shown to improve the results of treatment for laryngeal and breast tumors.

[Physico-technological standards of remote neutron radiotherapy and quality assurance (literature review)].

Issues in physico-technological support of remote neutron therapy are discussed. On the basis of evaluation of the literature, conclusion is made that a number of important problems are still to be solved.

[Use of reactor neutrons in the multimodal treatment of patients with breast cancer].

The results of multimodality treatment are analyzed in 56 patients with local breast cancer. Combined gamma-neutron therapy with the use of fast reactor neutrons enhances the efficiency of breast cancer treatment and does not increase the number of radiation reactions and complications. The three-year survival increased from 44 +/- 12 to 75 +/- 9%.

[The late results of the combined hormonal chemoradiation treatment of prostatic cancer].

Combined treatment of 111 patients with prostatic cancer stage IV including 3 components (hormones, drugs and radiation) proved superior by survival and tolerance over hormone therapy alone. Relevant dosages and regimens are detailed.

[The combined treatment of locally disseminated bladder cancer].

39 untreated patients with local cancer of the bladder without distal metastases were included in the trial to assess efficacy of combined drug plus radiation treatment, its toxicity and chances to preserve the bladder. The examination comprised tumor biopsy, ultrasonography, computed tomography, excretory urography and routine laboratory tests. The patients received one or two courses of intraarterial chemotherapy, radiation (50 Gy) and two doses of cysplatinum in a dose 70 mg/m2 before and after radiation.