[The effect of solvents and emulsifiers on the toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids].

It was established that the preparation form of pyrethroid during peroral, percutaneous uses is significantly more toxic than its components. The solvent in the composition of the preparative form increases the irritative properties of deltametatrin and also essentially effect mean time of death of half of the animals. Other toxicokinetic effects are discussed in detail.

[Medico-biological aspects of the problem of preventing the harmful action of pesticides].

The main principles in the prevention of pesticide health hazards are a comprehensive toxicological evaluation of new compounds to be introduced into practice and adequate hygienic regulations allowing for all sorts of pesticides' pathogenic action and various sources of their supply from the environment. In acute, subacute and chronic experiments pesticides are examined for toxicity, adverse effects on reproductive function and embryogenesis, mutagenic, carcinogenic and allergenic potential. The hygienic classification is based on the limiting criterion of the greatest damage.

[Determination of the activity of neurotoxic esterase in the peripheral blood lymphocytes for assessing the action of organophosphorus compounds].

It was shown on a model of intoxication of hens with aphos possessing a selective neuroparalytic action that the target-enzyme neurotoxic esterase changed its activity in the brain, spleen and lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. The authors describe a method of determination of the activity of neurotoxic esterase in human peripheral blood lymphocytes that may be used for biomonitoring of the effect of phosphorus organic compounds possessing a delayed neurotoxic action.

[Therapeutic and preventive effectiveness of zyxorin during poisoning with anticholineesterase pesticides].

Zyxorin (50-100 mg/kg) was found to produce a significant increase of the content (activity) of components of electron transport microsomal circuit and is similar to phenobarbital by its inducing effect. At preventive and therapeutic-preventive administration it enhances resistance of albino rats to anticholinesterase pesticides (actellis, valexon, 0,0-dimethyl-0-2,2-dichlorvinylphosphate, clorofos, hostaquick, dioxycarb, primor, sevine, furadan), prevents the development of neuromuscular blockade. The introduction of zyxorin into a complex therapy with specific agents (atropine, reactivators of cholinesterase) potentiates their antidotic effect at poisoning with DDVP.

[Early manifestations and mechanism of the neurotoxic action of organophosphorus pesticides].

The inhibition of neurotoxic esterase activity in chicken brain has been studied in vitro and in vivo. Aphos exposure, causing chicken paralysis, has demonstrated that the initial stage of delayed neurotoxicity was significant esterase activity inhibition (by 60-80%) within 3-24 hours after the pesticide administration. The inhibition of cholinesterase activity occurred both in the blood and sciatic nerve.

[Delayed neurotoxic action of a new fungicide aphos].

It has been established that administration of aphos to chickens within a wide dose range (3000-25 mg/kg) produces a retarded neurotoxic action that is manifested by the development of ataxia, pareses and paralyses; delay in the rate of the distribution of excitation via the peripheral axons, disorders of myoneural lability; degeneration of myelin fibers, focal granular degradation of myelin. The retarded neurotoxic action is not caused by impurities contained by the technical-grade preparation in view of the fact that such an action is also common to the chemically pure aphos.

[Kinetics of the change in the level of metalloproteins and free radicals in the liver of rats with acute poisoning by alkyl derivatives of 2, 4-dinitrophenol].

Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study over time metal proteins (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome-c-oxidase, iron and sulfur proteins) and free radicals in rat liver under acute (LD50) oral intoxication with 2,4-dinitro-6-butylphenol and 2,4-dinitro-6-methylphenol used as pesticides. The authors describe the kinetics of variations in the content of metal proteins and free radicals under the effect of the above-indicated toxic agents. It is assumed that the triggering mechanism of the toxic action of dinitrophenols lies in the inhibition of the function of iron and sulfur proteins.

[Effect of benzonal on the resistance of animals to the action of organophosphorus and carbamic compounds].

The inductor of microsomal enzymes, benzonal (20 mg/kg) produces an overt preventive and treatment-preventive action in acute and subacute poisoning with organophosphorus (DDVP, parathion, TEPP, chlorophos) and carbamic (pirimor, sevin) compounds. As regards the efficacy benzonal is not inferior to phenobarbital (14 mg/kg). Pretreatment with benzonal averts the development of the neuromuscular blockade and normalizes spontaneous activity of the myoneural synapse of rats and cats poisoned with pirimor and parathion.