[Problems of harmonization of sanitary regulations of the electromagnetic fields of mobile radio communication equipment].

In the article there are presented data on the probable adverse effects of electromagnetic fields generated by means of mobile cellulary radio communication equipment, a comparative analysis of hygienic rating and methods of measurement of their parameters in Russia and abroad has been performed, and the ways of harmonizing hygienic rules have been outlined, the necessity of further research to risk assessment of the use of cellular radio communication devices by population and preventive measures have been substantiated.

[Problem of studying influence of electric and magnetic fields on human health. Results and prospects].

The article presents results and prospects of studies on problem of unfavorable effects caused by electric and magnetic fields on human health, and working out hygienic regulation of the factor in occupational and ambient surroundings.

[Improving and harmonizing hygienic regulation for electric and magnetic fields].

The authors analyzed a state of hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields in Russian Federation and abroad, justified necessity of hygienic regulation of electric and magnetic fields in frequency range of 3 Hz - 30 kHz, specified MAL for electromagnetic fields at workplace, that match recommendations of international organizations on non-ionizing rays safety.

[Criterial parameter of hygienic regulation for exposure to rarely repeated ultrashort electromagnetic impulses].

The authors justified an estimated induced current density as a criterial parameter for hygienic regulation of exposure to rarely repeated ultrashort electromagnetic impulses of nanosecond duration in electrical discharge devices applied in scientific research. The authors defined a threshold for harmful effects of the impulse, set maximal allowable levels of exposure for the devices operators. Methodic and regulatory documents were specified and approved to provide electromagnetic safety for personnel working in impulse fields.

[Assessment of a risk from aviation noise exposure to the population's health].

The paper gives an algorithm, a procedure for calculation of aircraft noise, and its spread modeling. The performed investigations have provided guidelines that will become the first Russian official guiding document for assessing a risk from aviation noise to human health.

[Criterion for the hygienic standardization of exposure to infrequent ultra-short electromagnetic pulses].

The authors provide evidence for the estimated density of an inducted current as a criterion for the hygienic standardization of exposure to infrequent electromagnetic pulses of nanosecond duration, which are generated by test discharge units. The adverse effect threshold for the pulse has been determined and its maximum accessible action of the units on the staff established. Reference guidelines for electromagnetic safety of workers engaged in the pulsed fields have been developed and approved.

[Assessment of the health status and working capacity of electric charge plant operators].

High-power broadband electromagnetic pulses of nanosecond range duration have been found to adversely affect the health status and working capacity of electric charge plant operators. A system of measures to protect the workers from exposure to such pulses, which is based on the hygienic regulation of the exposure, has been implemented.

[Health state and performance of operators in electric discharge facilities--sources of electromagnetic impulses].

The authors revealed that potent broadband electromagnetic impulses in nanosecond range have negative influence on health state and performance of electric discharge facilities operators. Created system of measures protecting workers from such impulses is based on hygienic regulation of the exposure.

[Contemporary state of hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields and prospective harmonizing with foreign standards].

The authors briefly present data on state of hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields in Russian Federation and abroad, describe differences in criteria and approaches to regulation. Based on data analysis, the authors suggest possible harmonization of national and foreign norms and prospective research trends in assessing biologic influence and hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields.

[Safety problems of modern laser medical equipment].

The authors consider topics connected with improvement of hygienic regulation of laser radiation, define most important problems associated with safety of modern laser medical devices.

[Sanitary specification by electromagnetic factor for radiofrequency transmitters].

The article represents structure and contents of sanitary specification by electromagnetic factor to unify radio transmitter. The authors determined requirements to calculate intensity of radio frequency electromagnetic rays and to complete calculations in sanitary specification. Complete information on calculation of radio frequency electromagnetic rays intensity should be stored in electronic carrier (diskette).

[Evaluation of occupational risk caused by exposure to electromagnetic rays].

Transverse epidemiologic study of work conditions and health state among workers of Civil Aviation Department Running Radiotechnic and Communication Equipment revealed higher relative risk for arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease, occurrence of these diseases in younger age in individuals exposed to electromagnetic rays of ultra high frequency and high frequency ranges, when compared to occupational group matching by occupational and general characteristics excluding exposure to electromagnetic rays.

[Hygienic evaluation of electromagnetic situation and vibroacoustic factors at workplaces for radio-technological staff of civil airports].

The authors proved electromagnetic environment for staff servicing radiolocation, navigation and communication systems in civil airports to be very severe: electromagnetic irradiation of broad frequency spectrum, in impulse and continuous generation mode, varying in intensity and time, with low telluric conditions in shielded chambers, with equivalent noise levels more than by 15 dBA exceeding the allowable ones.

[Hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields for the preservation of workers' health].

The article covered results of studied hygienic regulation of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields for preservation of workers' health. Examples of examined professionals who run radar, navigation and communication means in civil airports proved adequacy of the approaches applied. The authors formulated prospective directions to further improve hygienic regulation of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields.

[Basic science to evaluate efficiency of means protecting from electromagnetic fields].

Theory of EMF's informational influence, besides the heat effect, on biologic objects is generally accepted nowadays. Also, EMF sources are widely used both for industrial and household purposes, and become an increasing hazard for public health. All that necessitates individual protective means including "VITA" device, the leading one, efficiency and safety of which are supported by research in some scientific institutions.

[Biologic effects and hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields caused by mobile communication devices].

The authors present results of hygienic, physiologic and experimental studies and mathematic simulation of biologic effects. Experimental studies (by functional state of CNS and immune system, cytologic examination of rats' lens epithelium) on 450 and 900 MHz frequencies prove the intensity of 1,900 MW/cm2 to be hazardous for animals and supraliminal.

[Physical factors and stress].

Physical factors of occupational environment and surroundings (noise, vibration, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, microclimate, etc) frequently could be considered stressing hazards, as cause marked functional changes in cardiovascular and nervous systems, in hematologic, immune and cytochemical values. These changes demonstrate adaptation and compensation processes or disadaptation and subsequent asthenic, astheno-vegetative and hypothalamic syndromes.

[Present status and tasks of occupational regulations for radiofrequency of electromagnetic fields].

Intensive use of various emitters of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is a potential health hazard both for workers and general population. Thus, improved hygienic regulation and control of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation becomes very important for prophylactics. Hygienic regulation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields is based on elimination of their influence on human health.

[Regulation of physical factors. Results and prospects].

The article represents results of research justifying and designing new principles concerning regulation of technogenic and natural physical factors. Those principles are based on studies of relationships between the physical factors and changes in human functional state, health and occupational risk. The authors demonstrate new methodic approaches for complex prognostic evaluation of environmental physical factors and main prospective trends in regulation and evaluation of physical factors, in prevention of their harm.

[New approaches to hygienic regulation of visible radiation].

There are no medical documents on control over light factors of industrial and living compartments. Levels of illumination in the present construction norms (SNiP-23-05-95) are not justified physiologically. Data of long-standing observations of objects brightness made an essence of project called "Brightness (illumination and light) of workplaces in industrial enterprises, institutions and living compartments" and demonstrated in the article.

[Features of control of electromagnetic radiation emitted by personal computers].

Measurements of PC electromagnetic irradiation show that the main sources are PC blocks emitting the waves of certain frequencies. Use of wide-range detectors measuring field intensity in assessment of PC electromagnetic irradiation gives unreliable results. More precise measurements by selective devices are required.

[Ecological aspects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile stations of communication means].

Electromagnetic environment of staffers using mobile communication means is characterized by complicated field structure with prevalent magnetic load. Biologic effects of the field parameters depend to large extent on location of emitting source and exposed object, presence of reflecting articles and grounding in the neighborhood. Human body is sensitive to electromagnetic influence on the certain organs.

[Characteristics of electromagnetic situation in Far North regions].

Coming to Far North from moderate climate area, humans face completely different, specific electromagnetic surroundings. Far North is a place with higher levels of Earth magnetic field, that is due to increased number of potent radiostations, radars, electric supply lines and other electromagnetic field sources. This specific complex of electromagnetic factors can contribute significantly to unfavorable changes in health state of Far Northern residents and requires thorough studies and careful attention.