[Prediction of the major tuberculosis epidemiological parameters among the children of the Udmurt Republic].

The tuberculosis epidemiological situation was studied among the children of the Udmurt Republic and the tuberculosis morbidity rates in children, the risk of primary infection, and the infection rates were predicted by the Bayes procedure. To study the impact of chemoprophylaxis on the incidence of tuberculosis in children, the risk of its primary infection, and the infection rates, the authors used the multivariate statistical method--hypotheses theorem (the Bayes formula). The application of the hypotheses theorem has shown that if the cohort of children who had chemoprophylaxis in 2007, they should receive it at the same rate as in 2002, which is 30% greater, the morbidity rates in children should show a 1.

[Immunological changes in old-age group children with primary and secondary tuberculous infection].

In modern society, there is a rise in the incidence of tuberculosis in all age groups, including children and adolescents. In old age group, a specific inflammation is detectable from Mantoux test results only in every four children. Tuberculous infection is diagnosed in half of cases when they turn to physicians for complains.

[Clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis ostitis in BCG-vaccinated children].

There has been a drastic increase in the incidence of ostitis in children since 2001. Comparison of current tuberculous ostitis (n = 70) and primary pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 60) in infants revealed significant clinical and epidemiological differences. Molecular genetic methods identified BCG M.

[Predictors of the progress of latent tuberculosis to clinically active one].

The question recently arises as to the diagnosis of tuberculous infection at early stages of its development. Tuberculin diagnosis ranks below due to the rise ofcomorbidity, including allergic diseases. There is increasing evidence for the leading role in the development of this or that type of tuberculous infection.

[Tuberculin sensitivity in old children with new-onset active tuberculosis].

In recent years, there have been reports on the reduced diagnostic value of a tuberculin test with 2 TE PPD-L. Tuberculin diagnosis is a ground for suspecting tuberculosis only in 25.9 +/- 0.

[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in senior schoolchildren and adolescents].

Analysis of the causes of tuberculosis developed in 617 patients aged 10 to 17 years in 1989 to 1998 has revealed epidemiological, social, and biomedical risk factors that are most significant for the development of a specific tuberculous process. According to their influence on the development of the disease, the factors were divided into 2 groups: 1) contact with a patient with tuberculosis; 2) the first year of infection. Psychogenic factors (49.

[Training of physicians-phthisiologists in the Urals Federal Region].

The paper analyzes problems associated with the training and retraining of staff for phthisiological service and general practitioners, such as therapists and pediatricians, in the timely diagnosis of tuberculosis. The authors share their experience in organizing the training of physicians in antituberculosis aspects. Interaction of departments of tuberculosis and a regional research institute of phthisiopulmonology and the use of current educational technologies are required to enhance the efficiency of this work.

[The diagnostic potentials of the method for the intradermal administration of denatured gamma-globulin in coniotuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes].

A direct relationship exists between coniotuberculosis of occupational origin, thoracic lymph node coniotuberculosis in the elderly and frequency and intensity of the body response to intracutaneous administration of denatured gamma-globulin (DNGG). Positive DNGG test is a nonspecific test for dust content, anthracosilicotic induration and coniotuberculosis of thoracic lymph nodes. As additional to clinicoroentgenological examination of thoracic lymph node coniotuberculosis of occupational and non-occupational origin.

[Use of polarization microscopy in the determination of activity and differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

45 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 15 patients with acute pneumonia and 15 healthy controls were examined using polarization microscopy of blood serum and blood serum + tuberculin. The serum from healthy subjects contains optically active structures, while that from patients has also pathological structures. Frequency of detection, quantitative and qualitative composition of pathological structures in tuberculosis are related to the disease phase and decline with the activity inhibition.

[Comparative characteristics of intrathoracic lymph node coniotuberculosis of occupational and non-occupational etiology].

263 patients with coniotuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes were compared clinically according to whether they were or not at 0ccupational risk of silicosis. Patients exposed to quartz dust had some special morphological picture of affected lymph nodes: periadenitis, dust caseosis and tubercula in the presence anthracosilicosis sclerosis. Silicotuberculous broncho-adenitis in silicosis patients is characterized by solitary lesions of the lymph nodes, bronchi, rare dissemination to the lungs.

[Tuberculosis in older children and adolescents in an industrial region].

60 children and adolescents with tuberculosis aged 12-17 years were examined to specify typical features of the infection in present-day social and economic situation and approaches to its early prehospital diagnosis. The majority of the patients were girls infected with M. tuberculosis 2-3 years before the examination, exposed to a single BCG vaccination with one postvaccination mark.

[Tuberculosis in young children not vaccinated with BCG].

Manifestations of tuberculosis infection were studied in 168 infants aged 3 months to 3 years of whom 32.7% had not been given BCG vaccine at birth and 67.3% received improper vaccination (the postvaccinal skin signs were absent in all patients).

[Characteristics of newly detected tuberculosis in adolescents].

Socioepidemiologic and clinico-roentgenologic features of tuberculosis in 107 adolescents were studied. In 33 per cent of the adolescents, the disease was detected on referral to a polyclinic; in 57.5 per cent of them, on planned fluorography; in 5.

[Treatment and outcomes of complicated tuberculosis of the respiratory organs in young children].

The main course of tuberculosis chemotherapy was applied to 85 children at the age of 3 months to 3 years. 62.4, 30.

[Progressive and acute forms of tuberculosis in young children].

Factors involved in the development of acute tuberculosis in the form of miliary tuberculosis in 6 infants and meningeal tuberculosis in 24 infants as well as factors involved in progression of primary tuberculous infection in 8 infants without affection of the meninx but with fatal outcomes were studied. The most severe processes were shown to be more frequent in 1- and 2-year-olds being in family contacts with persons isolating tubercle bacilli (81.6 per cent), not vaccinated or defectively vaccinated with the BCG vaccine (78.