[The thyroid volume and methods determination].

Purpose: to work-out method of the determination the volume of functioning thyroid tissue on the base of experimental investigations and to appreciate its accuracy. To analyze the clinical results of determination of the volume of the thyroid volume for different clinical groups with the use I123.

Material And Methods: experimental investigations of the phantoms of different sizes were conducted, and also there were conducted the investigations of the phantoms with different diameters spheres which were inside the phantoms.

[Comparative assessment of the hormonal status during N2O and xenon anesthesia using similar methods].

The hormonal status of 38 surgical patients during anesthesia with nitrous oxide and Xe administered by similar methods showed that in contrast to anesthesia with N2O, Xe anesthesia helped not only preserve the adaptive potential, but even increase the defense potential of the organism during surgery. Xe anesthesia was associated with a 1.5 times less requirement in fentanyl, with the levels of stress hormones being better; Xe is the best alternative to nitrous oxide.

[The evaluation of the vasomotor cerebrovascular action of vasoactive substances by using gamma scintigraphy].

A method of assessing relative changes in the head blood content under the influence of medicines is described. The method is based on an analysis of deviations of the equilibrium part of the radioactivity curve recorded with the aid of gamma-scintigraphy and injection in the form of bolus of the radiopharmaceutical agent 99mTc-pertechnetate to the ulnar vein. Changes in the blood content under the influence of nitroglycerin, duzodril, adalate and cavinton were examined in 37 patients suffering from dyscirculatory encephalopathy.

[The state of bronchial ciliated epithelium and mucociliary transport during chronic bronchitis in long-term smokers].

Endoscopic examination of the bronchial tree and investigation of pulmonary mucociliary transport by aerosol scintigraphy of the lungs were carried out in 40 patients and 10 controls. All the patients had exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchitis. 20 of these were smokers and 20 nonsmokers.

[Determination of effective renal blood flow and the rate of glomerular filtration by sequential administration of I-131 hippuran and Yb-169 DTPA].

The authors present the results of the determination of the effective renal blood flow (ERB), the effective renal plasma flow (ERP) and the rate of glomerular filtration (GRF) by sequential administration of 131I-hippuran and 169Yb-DTPK assessing the contribution of each radionuclide in blood plasma specimens with the help of a multichannel pulse analyzer. The mean values of ERB (738.4 +/- 27.

[A comparative evaluation of methods for determining the glomerular filtration rate by 169Yb-DTPA clearance].

The authors present the results of comparative analysis of 7 radionuclide clearance methods for the determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), based on single administration of 169Yb-DTPC. A reference method was based on the determination of GFR by a curve of a decrease in plasma concentrations with subsequent biexponential analysis on a DVK-2M computer. Methods of the determination of GFR based on 2 blood drawing tests after achieving a uniform distribution of the indicator in its volume of dilution (1) and extracorporal labeling of gamma radiation by a precordial detector (2) showed the highest degree of correlation with the reference method (r = 0.

[Guarantees of the quality of the training of specialists in nuclear medicine].

The absence of a social order for specialists in nuclear medicine hampers the process of making curricula and programs directed to achieving professional skills. The category of a specialist in nuclear medicine was not envisaged in the system of medical education and in the Nomenclature of physician's posts. It is proposed that a specialist in nuclear medicine should be introduced in the Nomenclature.

[Evaluation of the severity of damage of the lungs in chronic nonspecific diseases based on a microstructural analysis of scintigrams].

Structural analysis of scintigraphic images was used for assessment of the severity of lung affection in 57 patients with mild, average and severe types of asthma and chronic pneumonia. The results of common methods and microstructural analysis were compared. The use of the latter made it possible to reveal structures which were typical of a various degree of severity in chronic diseases.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of nodular lesions of the thyroid].

Real-time echography was used for investigation of 100 patients with thyroid nodes. In order to determine the potentialities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodes by echography its findings were compared with the results of histological examination. Analysis of the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of certain symptoms and their combinations made it possible to propose a combination of symptoms for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant nodular lesions of the thyroid with the accuracy of 80.

[Localization of left ventricular myocardial lesions using 201Tl chloride scintigrams].

The authors propose some methodological approaches including stereometric methods, for determination of visible left ventricular walls in different projections of a gamma-chamber detector with relation to a position of the left ventricular anatomical axis (LVAA) in space to improve topographic diagnosis of left ventricular myocardial lesions with 201Tl. The above method can be implemented on computer.

[The microstructural analysis of scintigrams].

A method of assessment of a zone of scintigraphic image based on a textural analysis was proposed. The method was tested by means of an analysis of synthesized images and assessment of 285 scintigrams of various hepatic lesions. The use of the method made it possible to improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis at the expense of defining the structures typical of diffuse and multiple small focal lesions which were undetectable by visualization.

[Radionuclide evaluation of the mucociliary function of the mucosa of the nasal cavity in chronic lung diseases].

The authors presented their first experience of radionuclide assessment of the nasal mucosal transport (NMT) in 39 patients with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology (14 adults and 25 children) to detect patients among them with suspected syndrome of primary ciliary dyskinesia (SPCD). In 18 patients the test was positive excluding SPCD as a cause of a chronic inflammatory pulmonary process. In 21 patients NMT was absent, 2 of these patients had Kartagener's triad serving as a kind of model confirming the data on NMT.

[Scintigraphic semeiotics of gallbladder anomalies in children].

Altogether 103 children with different variants of gallbladder abnormalities (deformities, bends, contractions, septa, diverticula) were examined using radionuclide cholescintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA. Scintigraphic signs of organic lesion were characterized by symptoms associated with the unevenness of the filling of the gallbladder, its shape and contours. Their frequency depended on anatomical defect site.

[Cholescintigraphy of gastroduodenal pathology in children].

The results of cholescintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA in 245 children were analysed. The relationship of a latent time period with the state of the stomach-duodenum system was revealed. The specificity of this index was 82%, sensitivity 70%, accuracy 75% and pathology predictability 85%.

[Carbohydrate antigen (CA-19-9) in the blood serum of patients with benign and malignant liver diseases].

The concentration of a new tumor marker CA-19-9 was determined in the blood serum of 51 patients with different diseases and in 38 healthy persons. In 95% of the examined persons, the concentration of CA-19-9 in the blood serum did not exceed 15 Units/ml in health. In the patients with benign focal and diffuse liver diseases and in the patients with rectal cancer without metastases to the liver, the level and frequency of the elevated CA-19-9 content in the blood serum did not practically differ from those in health.

[Tumor markers in focal and diffuse liver diseases].

The level of tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin) in the blood serum was determined in 147 patients with benign and malignant hepatic diseases, 105 patients with cancer of extrahepatic site, Stage I-IV, without liver metastases (a control group) and 36 practically healthy persons. An analysis of the results obtained allowed one to establish that an increase in the concentration of tumor markers as compared to the normal one, is noted in both malignant and benign hepatic diseases as well as in the control group. However hepatic tumors were caused by a more frequent rise of the concentration of tumor markers in the blood serum with higher absolute values.