[Analysis of polymorphisms in genes of insulin receptor substrate-1 and enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism among breast cancer patients with BRCA1 mutations].

Polymorphisms in genes involved in steroidogenesis as well as sensitivity to insulin as potential cancer risk factors have received constantly-growing attention over this decade. The peculiarities of endocrine and metabolic features of cancer identified earlier in BRCA1 mutation carriers prompted an investigation of the frequency of polymorphisms in the genes of IRS-1 and enzymes of estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism, such as aromatase (CYP19), estrogen 4-hydroxylase and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in 12 BRCA1 mutation carriers and in 22 non-carriers. The results were compared with the earlier data from the patients with the same diagnosis (n = 110 and n = 295, respectively) but untested for BRCA1 mutation.

[Polymorphism of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance susceptibility genes in oncological patients].

Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance belong to the group of leading risk factors for breast (BC) and endometrial cancer (EC). Differences in the intensity of association of these endocrine disturbances with BC and EC may at least partly be explained by non-identity in polygenic nature of the mentioned hormone-metabolic shifts and oncological diseases themselves as well. In this study, which included 105 healthy postmenopausal women and 301 female cancer patients (110 BC and 191 EC) without overt diabetes mellitus, we compared the frequency of the following genetic polymorphisms: insulin receptor substrate-1, IRS Gly972Arg; leptin receptor, LEPR Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg; mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2, UCP2_866G/A; and gene ND3 of mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA 10398A/G.

[Allelic distribution of the CYP1A1 in lung cancer patients, middle-aged tissue donors and in elderly people without cancer].

The genetic polymorphism of metabolizers of tobacco smoke carcinogens can influence individual susceptibility to lung cancer. The study was concerned with the Mspl-polymorphism of the CYP1A1 gene responsible for encoding aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. It also plays a role in the activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).