[Paradoxical embolism in patients with ischemic stroke].

The present study included 84 patients with ischemic stroke of known and unknown etiology. The risk of paradoxical embolism (PE) was evaluated using contrast transthoracic echocardiography, contrast transcranial Doppler monitoring, and transoesophagal echocardiography. The majority 64%) of the patients with strokes of known etiology were found to be predisposed to PE because they had the patent interatrial foramen (PIF) and pulmonary shunt (51 and 13 respectively).

[Functional evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics using transcranial dopplerography and nitroglycerin test in occlusion of the internal carotid artery].

42 patients with one-sided atherosclerotic occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) out of acute stage of stroke were examined by means of method of transcranial dopplerography with application of nitroglycerin test. Unstable course of the disease with development of repeated ischemic disorders of cerebral circulation were found in most of the patients with decreased hemodynamic reserves in homolateral hemisphere. Differences revealed were statistically significant.

[Lesions of the major arteries of the head (a population ultrasonic study)].

The screening of the random sample from an open population of males aged 40-65 was performed to compare frequency and severity of hemodynamic changes in major head arteries (MHA) due to atherosclerosis in subjects with vascular diseases and clinically normal controls. 866 of the examinees were subjected to MHA ultrasonic dopplerography. Normal circulation appeared only in 13% of the examinees.

[Functional transcranial dopplerography in an atherosclerotic lesion of the carotid arteries].

Transcranial dopplerography (TDG) examination of the blood flow along the major intracranial arteries and cerebral vascular response to functional loads was performed in 51 patients with stenosis and/or occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The measurements were made on the equipment "Quantascope-103 PC" (Scimed, England). 74% (26 patients) of ICA occlusion subjects had asymmetry of the linear circulation rate (LCR) in the middle-size cerebral arteries (MCA).

[Study of the volumetric blood flow velocity in the median cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler flowmetry and cerebral angiography].

Transcranial dopplerography (TDG) and cerebral angiography (CA) were used to measure the volumetric rate of the blood flow (VRBF) in the median cerebral artery (MCA) in 47 patients suffering from different cerebrovascular diseases, with the internal carotid arteries (ICA) remaining unchanged (26 patients) or with insignificant changes in the ICA, not interfering with the blood flow (21 patients). The values of the mean diameter of the MCA (3.10 +/- 0.

[Cerebrovascular disorders in various types of the subclavian steal syndrome].

A total of 51 patients with the subclavian steal-syndrome (SSS) were examined for the clinical picture comparatively to the angiography and ultrasound dopplerography (USDG) data. The clinical manifestations of cerebral circulatory disorders were studied not only in the isolated SSS but also in its different variants realized in association with concomitant lesions of the other branches of the aortic arch. Rarely occurring variants of the SSS were revealed; some of them were discovered for the first time.

[Analysis of several methods of detection of biorhythms in chronodiagnosis and chronotherapy of cardiovascular diseases].

The paper analyses the characteristics of mathematical methods for detecting the biorhythms currently used for the chronodiagnosis and chronotherapy of cardiovascular diseases. Emphasis is laid on the assessment of the resolving power of algorithms and programs applied to the detection of circadian biological rhythms. The paper also discusses whether chronodiagnosis and chronotherapy of cardiovascular diseases are admissible by clinically available mathematical methods for detecting circadian rhythms.

[Evaluation of the function of extracranial-intracranial microarterial anastomoses in occlusive diseases of the main arteries of the head (Doppler and angiographic study)].

The comparison of the results of Doppler and angiographic examinations of 82 patients with combined occlusive disorders of the major arteries of the head before and after creating an extra-intracranial microarterial bypass showed a high informative value of Doppler sonography as a noninvasive method of the diagnosis of impairments of the cerebral arteries and as a method of control of microarterial anastomosis functioning. Placement of a microanastomosis between the external carotid and middle cerebral arteries eliminated or reduced the steal-phenomenon in relation to the brain or vertebral-basilar bed in combined lesions of the major arteries of the head.

[Combined lesions of the major arteries of the head (clinico-doppleroangiographic correlations)].

Using Doppler ultrasonography (DUSG) under outpatient conditions multiple combined lesions of the main arteries of the head were found in 127 patients. Comparison of the above results with the findings of cerebral angiography showed a high efficiency of DUSG. In occlusion of the carotid and vertebral arteries the accuracy of the method was 99%, specificity 99%, sensitivity 100%; in stenoses of the internal carotid arteries the respective values were 88, 84, and 95%; in cases of all stenoses of the vertebral arteries they were 93, 92, and 94%.

[Principle of organizational and technical unity in designing complex hardware for the processes in polyclinic care].

A method to describe processes of health care in outpatient clinics is proposed. It produces necessary conditions for interactions between designers and users of medical complex hardware at the stage of the development.

[Ultrasound dopplerography in the diagnosis of the subclavian steal syndrome].

To diagnose occlusions in the brachiocephalic trunk and in the proximal portions of the subclavian artery in combination with the subclavian steal syndrome, a simple noninvasive method--Doppler sonography--has been used by the author since 1975. This technique consists in sequential registration of the blood flow rate along the vertebral and axillary arteries in combination with functional-compression tests including making a fist, rated physical exercise with a hand as well as compression of the brachial and vertebral arteries. Using Doppler ultrasonography, the subclavian steal syndrome was detected in 25 patients and in 24 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, this showing a 96% validity of this diagnostic procedure.

[Technic of ultrasonic dopplerography in the diagnosis of occlusive lesions of the arteries of the base of the brain (doppleroangiographic study)].

Use was made for the first time of the ultrasonic dopplerography method for diagnosing occlusions of the brain base arteries in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. For this purpose a functional-compression examination technique was developed that enabled one to evaluate indirectly the patency of the intracranial arteries. Dopplerographic criteria of occlusions of individual arteries were determined.

[Technic of axillary cerebral angiography].

The author generalizes his experience in performing 1,422 angiographic examinations by auxillary puncture angiography in 1,052 patients with vascular diseases of the brain. The techniques of the auxillary method and the errors in its conduction, as well as the means for their correction are described. Complications in angiography were noted in 1% of cases; they were of transient character, and this method may therefore be recommended for wide use in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

[Ultrasonic dopplerography in the diagnosis of occlusive lesions of the vertebral arteries].

Examinations of the blood flow in the vertebral arteries were carried out in 105 patients with circulatory disorders in the vertebrobasilary system. For this purpose the method of ultrasonic dopplerography with subsequent bilateral axillar cerebral angiography was used. The examinations were performed by the transcutaneous method in the author's modification.

[Feasibility of ultrasonic dopplerography in determination of the pathogenesis of transient cerebral circulatory disorders].

For specifying the pathogenesis of transient cerebrovascular disorders and the importance of occlusive lesions in the major cerebral vessels in this form of cerebrovascular pathology a new simple and safe method--ultrasonic dopplerography--was used in 87 patients. Subsequent cerebral angiography showed that the comparative reliability of this method in occlusions of the carotid and vertebral arteries reached 92.3%, and in their stenoses 76.

[Diagnosis of carotid artery occlusions by means of ultrasonic dopplerography].

The method of ultrasound dopplerography (USDG) was used for the diagnosis of common and internal carotid artery occlusions on the neck. The linear velocity of the blood flow in the common, internal and supratrochlear arteries was examined. Four dopplerographic criteria were established, which permitted to detect an occlusion of the carotid arteries in 38 out of 39 cases.