[Electron microscopic study of the human yolk sac epithelium in the I trimester of pregnancy].

The ultrastructural organization of the endodermal epithelium of the human yolk sac was investigated during weeks 6 to 12 of intrauterine development. In the beginning of the period studied, the epithelium had features of the tissue specialized both in the active protein synthesis and in the degradation of organic substances transported by endocytosis. Subcellular organization of the yolk sac epitheliocytes is indicative of their functional homology with both the epithelial cells of the small intestine and hepatocytes.

[Morphological and immunohistochemical peculiarities of placental terminal villi in a physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy and in pregnancy in patients with type I diabetes and gestosis].

Using the methods of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, the structural organization of terminal placental villi was studied in a physiological and gestosis-complicated pregnancy, as well as in women with type I diabetes mellitus and gestosis. The studies have revealed both morphological and immunohistochemical differences in the ratio of structural components in the terminal placental villi, including decreased diameter of the villi, increased degree of capillarization, reduced proportion of the connective tissue, increased type I, II, III, and VI collagen content in the connective tissue extracellular matrix and the decreased type IV collagen content in basement membranes in gestosis-complicated pregnancy. These changes were more expressed in the combination of gestosis and type I diabetes mellitus.

[Structural changes of rat myocardium in the mother-fetus system exposed to cadmium].

Myocardium structure and the pattern of cardiomyocyte cellular and intracellular changes were studied in rats following the exposure of the mother-fetus system to cadmium. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with cadmium sulfate during days 1-16 of pregnancy. Myocardium of the left ventricle was studied in pregnant females and fetuses on day 20 of gestation.

[Divergent development of yolk sac epithelium and its functional characteristics in rats during gestation].

Yolk sac epitheliocyte differentiation in rat during physiological pregnancy was examined with transmission electron microscopy and morphometry methods. Divergent development of embryonic structures in visceral and parietal layers was noted on day 11. By day 17 of embryonic development visceral layer epitheliocytes were characterized by morphologic features of intensely resorbing cells, while parietal layer cells revealed some signs of active peptide synthesis.

[Morphological characteristic of labyrinthine zone of rat allantoic placenta after exposure to vibration of industrial frequency].

The labyrinthine zone of allantoic placenta was studied after dosated exposure to vibration. The study was carried out in pregnant female Wistar rats (n=68). Rats were subjected to short-term vibration from Day 9 to Day 13 and long-term vibration from the Day 9 to Day 18 of pregnancy (taking into account embryogenesis periodization and the development period of extraembryonic organs).

[Morphological study of placenta and liver of pregnant rats in experimental endotoxicosis and after ceolite protection].

In 45 rats and 120 fetuses the protective effect of food, containing the additives of natural ceolites, on the outcome of pregnancy complicated by an acute experimental endotoxicosis, caused by hyperthermic challenge of the animals, was studied. Using gravimetric, histological, histochemical, electron microscopical methods and monitoring the markers of endogenous intoxication, it was demonstrated that the consumption of ceolite additives contributed to the increase of resistance of the organism to the extremal challenge. Ceolite enteroprotection of acute endotoxicosis, caused by hyperthermic challenge of the pregnant rats, resulted in the increased survival of animals, lower embryonic losses, adaptive changes in placenta and maternal liver.

[Morphological peculiarities of terminal placental villi in Capreolus capreolus pygargus].

This investigation was aimed at the study of peculiarities of placentation in Siberian roe (Capreolus capreolus pygargus)--one of the representatives of the Cervidae family which is characterized by an embryonic diapause. Using histological and morphometric methods, the main structural-functional regularities of the organization of roe placenta were determined at different stages of gestation, that included the formation of placenta at later stages of gestation, as compared with other ruminants, prevalence of trophoblastic lining over the connective tissue in terminal villi in the zone of intensive exchange between mother and fetus up to the 5th month of gestation, high degree of capillarity of terminal villi, high numerical density of giant cells in trophoblast. The problems of trophoblast regeneration in the terminal villi and an adaptational role of embryonic diapause in fetal survival and maintenance of vital functions, are discussed.

[Morpho-functional characteristic of kidneys in mother, fetus and the offspring subjected to vibration of industrial frequency during gestation].

The aims of the present study were to investigate the nature of morpho-functional changes in the kidneys in mother, fetus and the offspring subjected to the dosed effect of vibration during gestation. The study was performed in pregnant female Wistar rats (n = 28), fetuses (n = 26) and the offspring aged 3 months (n = 20). Rats were subjected to vibration from Day 9 to Day 19 of gestation (the period of intensive metanephros development), using vibration test bench with fixed parameters: frequency of 32 Hz and acceleration of 50 m/s2.

[Problems of evolution of extraembryonic organs].

Complex of extraembryonic organs is a special functional system that is one of the earliest to arise in ontogenesis. Fetal development significantly depends upon successful ontogenesis of its extraembryonic organs, which possess their special evolutionary history. What are concrete mechanisms of "adjustment" of a developing organism to the requirements of an environment, which in many respects is new in comparison with those conditions that existed during the ontogenesis of parental forms? Authors believe that it is very promising to look for their morphological manifestations at the level of placenta which is the collector of homeostatic mechanisms.

[Structural organization of human yolk sac epithelium during first three months of intrauterine development].

Epithelium of the endodermal origin in the human yolk sac was studied at prenatal weeks 5-12. In the beginning of the period studied the epithelium was characterized by high volume density, distribution in the different zones of the organ and polymorphism. The highest secretory activity of epitheliocytes was observed at weeks 7-8 of intrauterine development.

[Changes in the parietal layer of the yolk sac of the rat in the 2nd half of pregnancy (a morphological and morphometric analysis)].

Parietal layer of the yolk sac was studied in rat on d 11-21 pregnancy, taking into consideration topographic peculiarities and regional differentiation. Epithelial cells of placental and obplacental zones differentiate asynchronously, but perform similar specific functions. Parietal layer of the yolk sac regulates selective transport of macromolecules to the embryo (or fetus) in placental region and entodermal sinus.

[Water-salt metabolism in the maternal and fetal organisms during hydration at different periods of the pregnancy].

The water surplus in the organism of a pregnant rat was found to cause an increase in the diuretic and ionouretic responses. The hyperhydration, particularly in the beginning of the pregnancy, was found to cause a high percentage of the foetus reabsorption.

[The status of the lymphoid organs in the maternal organism as a reflection of the efficacy of correcting venous congestion during pregnancy in rats].

Under study was the influence of polyphenolic complexes of great burnet and venoruton upon the thymus, spleen, iliac lymph nodes of the uterus area in experimental phlebo-occlusion syndrome of pregnant rats. The data obtained show the changes of the drainage function of the lymphatic system under the influence of the drugs under study, certain reaction of T- and B- dependent zones of the central (thymus) and peripheral lymphoid organs. The structural-functional shifts had positive effects upon the fetus state.

[Morphological evaluation of fetal development after administration of Poterium sanguisorba for correction of fetoplacental circulation].

Polyphenol preparation of Poterium sanguisorba was tried for the treatment of experimental pregnancy abnormalities. The teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of the preparation administered in a dose of 0.75 LD50 were studied.

[Changes in the iliac lymph node of the rat in aseptic uterine inflammation and during its correction].

In the lymphoid tissue of the iliac lymph node at an aseptic inflammation in the uterus the greatest changes have been revealed in 48 h from the moment, when the foreign body has been introduced. They are manifested at the tissue level (increasing content of macrophages, lymphoblasts, large lymphocytes, plasmoblasts, immature plasmocytes, mast cells, neutrophils), as well as at the organic level (increasing amount of secondary lymph noduli, increasing area of the paracortical zone, decreasing area of the cortical plateau, of the medullary intermediate sinus, medullary cords). Use of carbomineral sorbents ensures correction of the inflammation; this is demonstrated as reduction of reactive changes in the regional lymph node.

[Quantitative characteristics of microcirculation bed in aseptic inflammation of the rat uterus and with the background of the use of carbon-mineral sorbents].

We studied the volume compactness of the arterial, capillary and venous parts of the microcirculation channel after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of the aseptic inflammation and after local application of the carbon-mineral sorbents in the rat's uterus. The local sorption decreased the reaction of the inflammation in the endo- and myometrium.

[Morpho-functional characteristics of lymph nodes in mice of different strains after administration of immunomodulators].

Using certain histological and morphometrical methods, cytoarchitectonics of T- and B-zones in the iliac lymph nodes have been studied with a simultaneous embryometry at a physiological pregnancy and under conditions of immunomodulators (IM) administration. The degree of influence of IM changes in the raw polysaccharide++-conjugate-polyelectrolite. Mass of the lymph nodes studied under effect of polyelectrolite becomes greater.

[Morphofunctional changes in the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory bed of the uterus and its regional lymph nodes in venous congestion during pregnancy].

Interrelations of the blood and lymphatic systems of the uterus have been examined in rats at pregnancy complicated with the ++phlebo-occlusive syndrome. Blood stream impediment in the caudal vena cava results in increasing diameter of the arterioles, capillaries and venules of the endo- and myometrium. Certain disturbances of blood circulation in the uterus at the ++phlebo-cclusive syndrome in the pregnancy animals, as a rule, reflect in the uterine lymph outflow; this is demonstrated as dilatation and deformity of the lymphatic vessels and capillaries, appearance of protrusions of the lymphatic vessels wall.

[Effect of low-molecular toxic substances on the organs of the immune system in mothers and their offspring].

Administration of benzpirene to the mother is accompanied with activation of B-and decrease in T-links of immune activity both in the mother and offspring. The lymphoid organs in the animals, not subjected antenatally to benziprene action, but given the substance after birth, undergo destabilization and are not ready to administration of this polycyclic hydrocarbonic compound. This produces their hypoplasia.

[Changes in the microcirculatory bed of the uterus and its regional lymph nodes during pregnancy].

In pregnant Wistar rats an essential rearrangement of the uterine blood-lymph circulatory bed has been revealed. It is possible that at the beginning of pregnancy it occurs for the change of the histiotrophic nutrition of the embryo into the hemotrophic one under effect of the trophoblast. Later on, when hemochorial relations between the mother and the fetus have been established, the continuous growth of the volumetric density and diameter of the vessels of the uterine microcirculatory bed can be connected with the intensive growth of the fetus and the extension of the yolk and allantois circulation reservoir.

[Morphologic features of the extraembryonic organs after ischemic damage to the yolk sac].

An opinion on membrane organs as a united reacting system is motivated. Ischemia of the rat yolk sac is chosen as the model of the disturbance. In parallel to the yolk sac involution size of the nuclei, nucleoli, cytoplasm in the cytotrophoblast elements and the simplast nuclei of the labyrinth bars in the allantoic placenta increase, while the size of the nuclei in the amniotic and exocelomic epithelium of the amnion and of the exocelomic epithelium of the visceral leaf in the yolk sac decreases.

[Functional morphology of the lymphatic system of the rat uterus during pregnancy].

In the regional lymph nodes of the uterus the comparative volume of the paracortical zone significantly increases, especially within the period of the 13th-17th days of pregnancy. In the popliteal lymph node similar effect is not discovered. From the 7th up to the 11th day edema, vasodilatation, infiltration with special leucocytes are revealed.

[Lymph outflow pathways from the uterus and its regional lymph nodes in the rat at various stages of pregnancy].

From the body of the rat uterus, the lymph outflows into the caudal lymph nodes and when the latter are absent--into the iliac lymph nodes. From the medial and middle parts of the uterine horn the lymph out flows into the iliac lymph nodes, and from the lateral part of the uterine horn--into the renal lymph nodes. Some parts of the lymph outflows into corresponding contralateral lymph nodes.