[New artificial lung respiration apparatuses for anesthesia and design of gas flow commutators].

The principles of action of new anesthetic devices and apparatuses for mechanical lung ventilation (MLV) including alternate-flow inhalation generators designed in recent time in VNIIMP-VITA, Ltd. are considered. According to the type of drive, these apparatuses fall into groups of devices with pneumatic drive (Diana) and electric drive (Elan).

[Methods for automatic correction of the effect of various factors on the results of capnometry].

Factors affecting the results of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration measurements and methods of their automatic compensation are considered for capnometers of two types: lateral flow (LF) and main flow (MF) capnometers. Advantages of the use of one-channel photometer in LF capnometer with automatic calibration were demonstrated. Compensation for temperature, pressure, and presence of concomitant gases and vapors in inhalation mixture is implemented automatically by introducing correction factors in CO2 concentration value.

[Methods for increasing the reliability and noise protection of arterial pressure measurement channel].

Noninvasive measurement of arterial blood pressure is an important function of modem monitoring systems. Presently, most arterial pressure measurement channels implement oscillometric method. This method is based on detection of small-amplitude pulsation of limb volume below occlusion cuff during compression/decompression.

[Monitoring in surgery and resuscitation: current state, problems, and trends].

General problems of medical monitoring are discussed using monitoring in anesthesiology and resuscitation as an example. The current state of this important problem of biomedical engineering and perspectives of its further development based on sophisticated medical methods of measurement of vitally important parameters of patient are analyzed. The main emphasis was placed on the problems of collaboration between physicians and engineers in the development of monitoring systems and optimal information support of physicians during the use of monitoring systems in surgery and resuscitation.

[Monitoring aspects of safety in anesthesiology and resuscitation].

Uninterrupted monitoring of the key parameters of blood, breathing, and cardiac function in patients is a main factor ensuring safety of the patients. The article contains a classification of monitors and requirements applicable to their designing. Technical parameters of the monitors developed by the Research Institute for Medical Instrument-Making ("ZAO VNIIMP-VITA") are described in the article.

[Increase in the information content of thermograms by compensating for tissue heat conduction].

There exist two groups of factors responsible for distorsion of thermograms, these are a subdued temperature relief due to thermal conduction of tissues and equipment-caused distorsions. Such distorsions lower the informativeness of thermograms which hampers the selection of diagnostic signs. A method is proposed which enables it to partially compensate distorsions through application of Viener's method of re-establishing distorted images, based on the use of the à priori information on the distribution of temperature on the surface of the body and on the probable properties of thermal fields.

[Model of temperature distribution on the body surface of homeotherms].

A mathematical model is considered which describes a change of temperature on the body surface under the effect of the heat source located near the surface. Solutions of heat conductance equations for semi-infinite isotropic and homogenous medium are used as a model. A point source with capacity Q is placed into the medium at the depth zota at the moment t=0.