[Quantitative estimation of area parameters (with representatives of genus rana as a case study)].

A quantitative method of species "point" area analysis is considered that provides the interpolation of species distribution to the whole territory on the basis of its relationships with climatic and relief variables. It is shown that application of standart statistical interpolation techniques is incorrect. The proposed approach is based on interpolation onto the whole territory the species-specific relations with environmental variables detected in single "points".

[Analyzing spatial-temporal dynamics of the ecological niche: a marten (Martes martes) population case study].

A potential of discriminant analysis is demonstrated in a case study of the common marten (Martes martes L., 1758) ecological niche within the Central Forest Reserve and its buffer zone. The analysis is aimed at identifying how the probability to encounter a marten's footprint along a walking route depends on the relief and other parameters of the environment discerned by remote sensing.

[Biogeocenosis thermodynamics based on remote sensing].

Methodological issues in the studies of spatial and temporal variations in the energy conversion are shown to be solvable on the basis of information thermodynamic approach using the remote sensing techniques. A possibility of evaluation of the main components of the energy balance of a biogeocenosis, considered as an open thermodynamic system maintaining its structure through the conversion of solar energy, is demonstrated by analysis of the southern taiga landscapes of Valdai Hills. Analysis of the ratio of thermodynamic variables for the different types of biogeocenosis shows that the energy flow absorbed by the surface, is being redistributed among balance components by various mechanisms, and it depends on the structure of the redistribution system expressed by the non-equilibrium.

[An analysis of isometric reflections in morphology exemplified by the mandible of the rat (Rattus, Rodentia)].

Individual, age, sex, and species differences of morphological shape is treated as a result of general shape formation process. It is assumed that mutual reflections of these differences could be described by continuous and discontinuous transformations. The first type of these reflects equilibrium properties of shape formation, while the second type reflects its non-equilibrium properties.