[Experimental evaluation of displacement of body mass center in the man-chair system during head tilt].

Experimental data concerning the effect of head shifts on the displacement of body mass center in the man-chair system were obtained. The data helped to derive a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between body mass center displacements and head shifts. This relationship can be used to assess the displacement of body mass center in the man-chair system in response to dynamic effects for which kinematic parameters of head shifts can be measured by well-known methods such as time lapse photography and mathematical modelling.

[Mathematical modeling of the kinematics of a pilot's head while catapulting into an air stream].

The trajectories of head movements in the helmet and velocities of impact contact with the seat and anterior of the cockpit were calculated as applied to every stage of the catapulting process and mass-inertia parameters of helmets taken into account. Kinematic models were used to describe biomechanic parameters of the head-neck system. Special attention was given to the case of catapulting to the air flow.

[The concept of functional strength in the problem of establishing objective biomechanical requirements for systems to protect and rescue aircraft crews].

This paper discusses problems related to the ambiguous formulation of biomechanical requirements for the quality of protection and rescue means. In order to objectivize these requirements, it is recommended to use the functional strength concept which reflects both mechanical (with specific features characteristic of biomechanical systems taken into account) and functional results of adverse effects. The paper also describes the potential use of this parameter in developing complex requirements for various programmed and contingent situations and probability aspects of the problem of evaluating protection and rescue means.

[Mathematical modeling of the kinematic reaction of the human body to impact accelerations].

This paper considers the problem of selecting the structure of a mathematical model that describes the kinematic reactions of the human body during traffic accidents. The paper presents a calculation procedure and a program that allow selection of a structure (up to 17 elements) without deriving repeatedly equations of motion as well as automatic recalculation of all inertia and size parameters.

[Modeling cranio-cerebral injury for evaluation and elaboration of the methods of protection of pilots from an impact].

This paper reviews the results of developing a model of craniocerebral trauma. The study led to the manufacture of a man's head model and to the development of a criterion of impact safety. The model and the criterion can be used for experimental assessment of pilot's protective helmets.

[Safety criteria in the problem of protection for the pilot's head against impact].

In order to determine man's tolerance, clinical symptoms of craniocerebral injuries were compared with physical characteristics of impacts. A ranking scheme of clinical manifestations of craniocerebral injuries as applied to specific flight conditions was developed. With respect to the craniocerebral injury biomechanics, clinical data were taken under statistical study, which helped to evaluate impact critical parameters and to propose a graphic scheme that can be used to describe in detail the accident and to estimate the probability of injuries of various degree over the entire range encountered in aviation and clinical practice.

[Assessment of human tolerance for local pressures on the head and an objective statement of the requirements for the hygienic characteristics of protective helmets].

To obtain reference data for a statistically substantiated evaluation of man's tolerance to the local pressure on the head (as applied to protective helmets kept on for a long time), 86 experiments were carried out in which 11 test subjects participated. The local pressure of 0.05-0.

[Relationship between the state of consciousness following cranio-cerebral injury and the parameters of the blow].

Data on the dependence of the clinical manifestations of the initial period of craniocerebral trauma in a human being on the physical parameters of the blow were treated by the method of correlation and regression analysis. A regression equation was obtained specifying linear dependence between the traumatic value of the blow and the characteristics of the kinetic energy of the blow. The presumed dependence of the severity of the clinical manifestation of the trauma on the localization of the blow is statistically substantiated.