[Water disinfection by the combined exposure to super-high frequency energy and available chlorine produced during water electrolysis].

The article reports the results of studying the effects on polluted water of SHF-energy together with the residual free (active) chlorine as a by-product of electrolysis action on dissolved chlorine-containing salts. Purpose of the studies was to evaluate input of these elements to the water disinfection effect. The synergy was found to kill microorganisms without impacts on the physicochemical properties of processed water or nutrient medium; therefore, it can be used for water treatment, and cultivation of microorganisms in microbiology.

[Light-isotope water as a therapeutic agent for acute radiation disease].

Eighty outbred CD-I male and female mice (initial body mass of 31-34 g) and 40 male Wistar rats (initial body mass of 280-360 g) were randomly distributed into the experimental and control groups by sex and body mass. According to the results of experiments, consumption of rectified light-isotope water over 30 days immediately after irradiation by gamma-quanta 60Co at 5 Gy and 6.5 Gy can increase survivability rate significantly, accelerate hemopoiesis recovery and prevent body mass loss in irradiated animals.

[Modification of the cytogenetic effects of irradiation by water with the reduced content of deuterium and heavy isotopes of oxygen].

The influence of light water with the reduced content of heavy stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (deuterium) on the cytogenetic status of irradiated animals was investigated. In mice, hybrids of the first generation (CBA x C57B1) F1, the increase in the output (two-fold at the dose of 2 Gy) of aberrant mitoses in the cells of bone marrow and the decrease in the duration of the mitotic index of the first cellular cycle occurred under the influence of the two week maintenance before the irradiation on light water with ppm 35 obtained by the method of rectification as compared with the irradiated animals that were kept on the distilled water. It has been discovered that 24 h after irradiation the number of leukocytes in the group which consumed light water is lower than that in the animals that were contained on the distilled water.

[Gaseous content regeneration system].

The article presents a possible design of an atmosphere revitalization system (ARS) as a component part of a new generation life support system (LSS). The main goal of the test investigation was to block formation of solid hard-to-remove carbon as a by-product of carbon dioxide and hydrogen processing. The Bosch reaction stage of CO2 conversion into CO and water was chosen as the core one.

[Effect of light-isotope water on growth of bacterial culture].

The stimulating effect of light-isotope water on microbial growth was demonstrated in bacterial culture Pseudomonas esterophilus. Nutrient medium was prepared of mineral salts and ethyl acetate as a source of carbon dissolved in light-isotope water with ppm 35 and 70; the control medium contained same components dissolved in distilled water. The investigation showed an increase in the number of bacterial cells in the exponential stage of growth in static culture in light-isotope water as compared with the control.

[The "light" water effect on lenticular opacity development in mice after repeated low dose gamma-irradiation].

Action of "light" water with reduced quantities of heavy stable hydrogen and 18O ions on incidence and progress of lenticular opacity was studied in gamma-irradiated mice (60Co, 1.0 Gy). The animals were subjected to electroophthalmoscopy regularly till end of life time.

[Fractionation of hydrogen stable isotopes in the human body].

Fractionation of hydrogen stable isotopes was studied in 9 human subjects in a chamber with normal air pressure imitating a space cabin. Mass-spectrometry of isotopes in blood, urine, saliva, and potable water evidenced increases in the contents of heavy H isotope (deuterium) in the body liquids as compared with water. These results support one of the theories according to which the human organism eliminates heavy stable isotopes of biogenous chemical elements.

[The influence of the water with decreased content of heavy stable hydrogen and oxygen (18O) isotope on development of radiation injuries at gamma-radiation in low dose].

The investigations of the water with decreased content of heavy stable hydrogen and of oxygen (18O) isotope received by the method of rectification were conducted on development of radiation injuries in organisms of the experimental animals. The objects of the investigation were male mice of Balb/c line. The animals were irradiated at the unit PX-gamma-30 with the gamma-radiation source 60Co in the dose of 25 sGy.

[The effect of preliminary administration of water with reduced deuterium content on the growth of transplantable tumors in mice].

It was investigated whether preliminary administration of water with reduced Deuterium content may modify the inhibitory effect of the water given to BDF1 and CDA mice on the day of tumor transplantation. Two models were used: Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and uterine cervical carcinoma (UCC). Experimental mice (20 per group) used the water with reduced Deuterium content.

[Investigation into fractionating of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes aboard the international space station].

Results of isotope investigations of atmospheric condensate and potable water supplied from Earth confirmed the fractionating of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the organism of ISS crewmembers. Samples of ISS atmospheric condensate were characterized by altered concentrations of 18O2 and deuterium. Atmospheric deuterium quantities varied in the interval of -67 to 79 +/- 3 ppm, whereas water deuterium made up -85 +/- 3 ppm as compared with SMOW.

[The effect of water with varying isotopic composition on the proliferative activity of endothelial cell in vitro].

Effects of water with varying isotopic composition (high and low deuterium content) were studied on the model of cultivated human endothelial cells. In laboratory conditions, changes in the isotopic content of water in nutrient substrate did not affect significantly the cell proliferative activity. In cells cultivated in no-serum medium increased deuterium concentration inhibited growth with a consequent of cell death.

[Low-deuterium water effect on transplantable tumors].

Such models of transplantable tumors as Lewis sarcoma, uterine sarcoma-322 and uterine carcinoma-5 were used to study possible inhibitory effect by low-deuterium water. Such water was given to experimental animals (20 mice in each group). Controls (30 in each group) received tap water with standard deuterium concentrations.

[Consideration of the deuterium-free water supply to an expedition to Mars].

Interplanetary missions, including to Mars, will put crews into severe radiation conditions. Search for methods of reducing the risk of radiation-induced cancer is of the top priority in preparation for the mission to Mars. One of the options is designing life support systems that will generate water with low content of the stable hydrogen isotope (deuterium) to be consumed by crewmembers.

[The problem of developing a lettuce greenhouse for the International space station and future interplanetary missions].

In order to evaluate the effects of gravity on growing plants, we conducted ground-based long-term experiments with dwarf wheat (cultivar "Apogee USU") and Chinese cabbage (cultivar "Khibinskaja"). The test crop had been grown in overhead position with HPS lamp below the root module so that gravity and light gradients were in opposite direction. Plants of the control crop grew in normal position under the same lamp.

[Problems of environmental compatibility of the Russian and US segment of the International space station].

The problem of environmental compatibility of the ISS Russian and U.S. segments arises from chemical and biological inequality of their atmospheres and is attested by the data of observations during operation of Russian orbital stations Salyut and Mir.

[Recovery and use of deuterium-free water in extended space expeditions].

The methods of deuterium-free water, as applied to the conditions of long-term space expeditions have been discussed. It is shown that with the use of the method of electrolysis of distilled water or urine condensate followed by the catalytic or high-temperature synthesis one can obtained water with four-fold decrease in deuterium concentration. In order to reduce the energy expenditure it is necessary to use the existing routine technologies of water and oxygen regeneration or the versions with applying the fuel cells in which hydrogen and oxygen resulting from electrolysis would generate the electrical power with simultaneous isolation of deuterium-free water.

[Characteristics of several artificial substitutes of soil for space flight greenhouses].

The analysis of the study associated with cultivating the leaf cabbage, small radish in the Russian-Bulgarian greenhouse "Svet" aboard Mir orbital space station in 1990 has demonstrated that under microgravity conditions the zeolite substrate "Balkanin" with particles dimensions of 1-3 mm placed in the root modules of the greenhouse "Svet" did not ensure the sufficient transfer of the water from moisture-saturated wicks to the periphery of the vegetation vessels what is attributable to the peculiarities of hydrophysical characteristics of the substrate used. There presented the results of experimental research on the hydrophysical and agrochemical characteristics of the ion-exchange substrates of two other types--"Biona 312" and "Biona V" prepared on the basis of the artificial ion-exchange resins: cationite--CU-2 and anionite EDE-10P. For these substrates there found the estimates of humidity correlating with the loss of gassy pores as well as there measured the specific weight of the solid phase and the volumetric weight.

[Optimal isotope composition of biogenic chemical elements on board of manned spacecrafts].

Isotope composition of biogenic chemical elements (BCE) is discussed. A hypothesis is offered that biochemical and biomedical processes must be influenced as by the isotope composition of hydrogen and oxygen, so by the composition of stable isotopes of all the BCE constituting plants, animals, and humans. Biochemical, toxicological and other biomedical analyses should be performed to determine the best BCE isotope composition.

[Biocatalysis using immobilized cells or enzymes as a method of water and air purification in habitable enclosed environment].

This paper shows that the method of water and air purification using immobilized cells and enzymes can be applied in regenerative life support systems in a habitable enclosed environment. This method is based on selective and adaptive functions of enzymic systems of microorganisms to assimilate organic components of the medium to be eliminated. Advantages of biocatalysis are low energy requirements and mild temperatures of purification leading to practically complete elimination of the substrate.

[Water purification from ethylene glycol by catalytic oxidation using hydrogen peroxide].

In order to select the method of water regeneration from air moisture condensate in a manned enclosed environment, the procedure of water decontamination from ethylene glycol was investigated. The process developed at t 20-22 degrees C and the following concentrations of C2H6O2 = 0.0125-0.

[Balance of substances during catalytic oxidation of water admixtures by hydrogen peroxide].

Kinetics of CO2 and O2 production was investigated in the following systems: H2O - H2O2 - C6H5OH - siderite, H2O - H2O2 - HCl - siderite, H2O - H2O2 - siderite, H2O - HCl - siderite. A general equation describing the kinetics of phenol oxidation to yield carbon dioxide was derived: Vco2 = k2[C6H5OH]0.55 [H2O2]2 [Fe2+]2, where [Fe2+] denotes iron in the catalyst.

[Effect of silver preparations on the microflora regenerated from a condensate of atmospheric water vapor in a hermetically-sealed chamber].

The effect of different silver compounds (silver sulphate, silver nitrate, electrolytic ionic silver) on microorganisms in water reclaimed from the atmospheric condensate in an enclosed environment was investigated. The following microorganisms were examined: Alcaligenes faecalis, Citrobacter freundii. Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus epidermidis, etc.