[Scintigraphic assessment of alterations in cardiopulmonary haemodynamics and renal functional activity in patients with endured coronary artery bypass grafting].

Objective: By means of scintigraphic methods to assess alterations in cardiopulmonary haemodynamics and renal functional activity in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after endured coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed in conditions of extracorporeal circulation (EC) and on the functioning heart.

Material And Methods: We examined a total of 40 patients presenting with CAD (mean age 54.90±1.

[Capabilities of radiodiagnostic techniques for evaluating myocardial hemodynamics and contractility in ventricular arrhythmias].

As of now, the study of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) is of topical interest for modern arrhythmology and cardiology. These arrhythmias constitute about 30% of all the arrhythmias and have a diverse etiopathogenetic basis. Having no noticeable impact on a patient's quality of life, VA may cause ventricular fibrillation, severe circulatory disorders, and sudden cardiac death.

[Scintigraphic evaluation of impairments in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and renal functional activity in patients with coronary heart disease and circulatory failure].

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between impairments in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics and renal functional activity in patients with circulatory failure, by applying radionuclide studies.

Material And Methods: Sixty-nine patients with coronary heart disease (mean age 53.23 +/- 0.

[Capabilities of 99mTc-pyrphotech single-photon emission computed tomography in combination with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the evaluation of inflammatory changes in the heart of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation].

Aim: To estimate the capabilities of 99mTc-pyrphotech single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the diagnosis of myocardial inflammatory changes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Subjects And Methods: Nineteen patients (11 males and 8 females, mean age 47.46 ± 9.

[Capabilities of radionuclide imaging study in the evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To assess the capabilities of radionuclide imaging studies in the evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Subject And Methods: Twenty-one patients aged 55.8 +/- 9.

[Cardioprotective effect of remote postconditioning: mechanisms and possibility of clinical application].

Experimental data indicate that postconditioning at distance is an effective method of cardiac protection against reperfusion injury. Remote postconditioning prevents reperfusion necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, decreases probability of postinfarction remodeling of the heart. Cardioprotective effect of remote postconditioning is depended on release from tissues after transient ischemia of humoral factor(s) increasing cardiac tolerance to long-term ischemia-reperfusion.

[Perspective of creation of drugs on basis of opioids increasing cardiac tolerance to pathogenic impact of ischemia reperfusion].

It was established that delta- and kappa1-opioid receptor (OR) stimulation both in vivo and in vitro promotes a decrease of infarct size/area at risk (IS/AAR) ratio during ischemia and reperfusion of heart. mu-OR activation increases a tolerance of isolated perfused heart to impact of ischemia and reperfusion but has no effect on IS/AAR index in vivo. The ORL1-receptor agonist nociceptin does not exert IS/AAR ratio in vivo.

[The impact of antihypertensive therapy on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with metabolic syndrome].

The aim of this work was the scintigraphic study of brain perfusion and the elucidation of the relationship between daily variations of arterial pressure (AP) and the results of single photon emission computed tomography (SPCT) of the brain in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). The secondary objective was to estimate effect of combined antihypertensive therapy on cerebral circulation. 24 patients with MS underwent SPCT with 99mTc HMPOA and 24 hr AP monitoring before and 6 mo after therapy with long-acting verapamil combined with slow-release indapamide or enalapril.

[Endogenous opioid system as a mediator of acute and long-term adaptation to stress. Prospects for clinical use of opioid peptides].

It has been well established that opioid peptides (OPs) affect various hormonal systems. Opioids exhibit stress-limiting and gastro-protective effects in stressed animals, acting via mu- and delta-opioid receptors (OR). Peripheral mu-OR stimulation by endogenous and exogenous opioids increases cardiac tolerance to pathological consequences of stress.

[Comparative characteristics of revealing hibernated myocardium by means of perfusion and metabolic scintigraphy].

Objective: comparative assessment of the informative value of the methods of perfusion and metabolic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detecting the hibernated myocardium.

Materials And Methods: the study included a total of twenty six patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Of these, there were 24 men and 2 women, mean age 52.

[Neuroprotective effect of ischemic postconditioning and remote preconditioning. Prospective of clinical use].

Ischemic postconditioning enhances brain and spinal cord tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion. There are no clinical data on the neuroprotective effect of postconditioning. It was established that foregoing effect of ischemic postconditioning depended upon an activation of PKCs, ERK, Akt kinases and a decrease in the activity of JNK kinase.

[Preconditioning impact on coronary perfusion during ischemia and reperfusion of heart].

Recent studies have confirmed that ischemic preconditioning prevents appearance of reperfusion endothelial dysfunction. However, the issue of preconditioning impact on no-reflow phenomenon remains unresolved. The receptor mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective and vasoprotective effects of preconditioning are different.

[Mediated role of NO-syntase, protein kinase C and KATP-channels in realization of cardioprotective impact of cannabinoid HU-210].

It was shown that perfusion of the isolated heart of rat with solution containing the CB1- and CB2-receptor agonist HU-210 at concentrations of 0.1 or 1.0 microM/L for a duration of 10 min at 20 min before global ischemia (45 min) and reperfusion (30 min) promotes a twofold decrease in creatine kinase levels in coronary effluent.

[Hypoxic preconditioning as novel approach to prophylaxis of ischemic and reperfusion damage of brain and heart].

Analysis of published data indicates that delayed hypoxic preconditioning essentially increases a cardiac and brain tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion. There are no experimental data in the literature on the neuroprotective effect of early hypoxic preconditioning in vivo. Clinical observations indicated that early hypoxic preconditioning exerts cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects.

[Uncoupling proteins and their role in the regulation of brain and heart tolerance to impact of ischemia and reperfusion].

Experimental data indicate that moderate uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation induces reduction in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotes an increase in survival of neurons and cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and re-oxygenation conditions. Uncoupling proteins (UCP) are expressed by cardiomyocytes and neurons. These proteins are involved in the thermogenesis, inhibit ROS generation by mitochondria, reduce deltaphi, elevate respiration rate of these organelles.

[Signalling mechanisms of cardioprotective effect of hypothermic preconditioning].

The presented data demonstrate that hypothermic preconditioning prevents cardiomyocyte necrosis in response to ischemia-reperfusion, improves pump function of the heart during reperfusion period, and exerts an antiarrhythmic effect. The hypothermic preconditioning exerts more pronounced cardioprotective effect than ischemic preconditioning. The protective impact of hypothermic preconditioning depends upon 3-adrenergic receptor stimulation, an increase in cAMP levels, activation of protein kinase A and protein kinase C, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocking.

[Assessment of the functional state of the right ventricle by radionuclide tomoventriculography].

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of radionuclide tomoventriculography (RTVG) for the study of the functional state of right ventricle (RV) in patients with thromboembolism of branches of the pulmonary artery (TEPA) or ventricular arrhythmias. A total of 96 patients were admitted for examination to the clinics of Research Institute of Cardiology, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in 2006-2008. They were divided into 3 groups.

[Radionuclide methods for diagnostics of non-rheumatic myocarditis and postmyocarditic cardiosclerosis].

We compared the results of comprehensive scintigraphic examination of 35 patients with suspected myocarditis and the data of clinical, immunological, laboratory and instrumental studies. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included 11 patients with preliminary diagnosis of acute myocarditis, group 2--11 patients with chronic myocarditis, group 3--13 patients with postmyocarditic cardiosclerosis.

[Hypoxic preconditioning is a phenomenon increasing tolerance of cardiomyocytes to hypoxia-reoxygenation].

The work covers the problem of hypoxic preconditioning (HP) carried out in isolated cardiomyocytes. Papers on delayed HP in vivo are comparatively few, and only some single works are devoted to early preconditioning in vivo. It has been established that the HP limits necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and improves contractility of the isolated heart after ischemia (hypoxia) and reperfusion (reoxygenation).

[Radionuclide renal scintigraphy in assessment of nephroprotective effect of hypoxic preconditioning for myocardial revascularization under artificial circulation].

Objective: Using renal scintigraphy to assess the nephroprotective efficacy of hypoxic preconditioning (HP) during myocardial revascularization under the conditions of artificial circulation (AC).

Materials And Methods: We examined a total of forty-seven patients with CAD (mean age 52.81 +/- 1.

[Parameters of perfusion pulmonoscintigraphy and radionuclide tomoventriculography in non-massive thromboembolism of pulmonary-artery branches].

Objective: The present work was aimed at identifying the most informative parameters of perfusion pulmonoscintigraphy and radionuclide tomoventriculography in non-massive thromboembolism of the pulmonary-artery branches.

Materials And Methods: We examined a total of fifty-five patients. The Study Group was composed of 40 subjects (mean age 60.

[Role of heat shock proteins, aldose reductase, Bcl-2 protein and microRNA in the mechanism of delayed preconditioning of heart].

Analysis of published data allows affirming that heat shock proteins (HSP) play an important role in the mechanism of cardioprotective effect of delayed preconditioning. However, HSP in all probability are non-end effectors but mediators of preconditioning because a peak of their levels in myocardium does not concur with maximal elevation of cardiac tolerance to impact of ischemia and reperfusion. There are bases to think that aldose reductase and Bcl-2 protein are claimants to the role of end-effectors of delayed preconditioning but microRNAs serve as mediators of forming increased cardiac tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion.

[Problem of end effector of delayed ischemic preconditioning of the heart].

Analysis of published data on the problem of end effector of delayed ischemic preconditioning of the heart presented evidence that NO-synthase, superoxide dismutase, cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1 are the main pretenders to the role of end effector of delayed ischemic preconditioning.

[Cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning].

Authors of review analyze papers published in 1993-2008 on problem of remote ischemic preconditioning of the heart. The main manifestations of preconditioning at a distance are a decrease in infarct size, an improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion period, an enhancement of cardiac tolerance to arrhythmogenic impact of ischemia-reperfusion. The published data demonstrate that the humoral factors (endogenous opioids, bradykinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, endogenous cannabinoids) play the main role in preconditioning at a distance.

[Radionuclide renoscintigraphy for the evaluation of nephroprotective action of acetylcysteine].

Radionuclide renoscintigraphy was used to evaluate efficiency of nephroprotection by N- acetylcholine in 36 patients subjected to coronaroangiography (CAG). The patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups, one undergoing CAG without nephroprotection, the other CAG in combination with N-acetylcholine nephroprotector. Dynamic radionuclide renoscintigraphy with 99m Tc-dtpa was performed before and 2-3 days after CAG; the results were used to estimate filtration and evacuation efficiency of the kidneys.