[Zinc in human nutrition: actual consumption and bioavailability requirements (communication 2)].

This revue discusses data concerning essential trace element zinc (Zn) dietary consumption levels in Russian Federation and some foreign countries. There are discussed biochemical criteria of Zn security in humans. It's concluded that zinc insufficiency is widely distributed among adult and children population in many districts of Russia.

[Enteral feeding of patients with surgical diseases of the digestive tract using the Soviet balanced food mixture Inpitan].

"Inpitan" is the first Soviet full-value balanced food mixture for tube feeding, produced under industrial conditions. It was used for enteral nutrition of 50 patients with different diseases of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. The mixture contains protein (12%), fat (30%), carbohydrates (58%), all the necessary mineral substances, and water- and fat-soluble vitamins.

[Effect of meat pâtés of different composition on gastric secretory function].

Experiments on 4 dogs with isolated Pavlovian pouches were made to study the action on gastric secretion of a new type of a beef paté in which 20% of basic raw material was replaced by precipitated blood plasma proteins (a sample under study) and of a beef paté of a conventional composition (a control sample). Both paté samples were found to provoke a characteristic gastric juice secretion which strongly differed from the secretion pattern during beef feeding. This was determined by the presence in the patés of a significant amount of fat and by the homogenized nature of the paté mass.

[Gastric secretory function during enteral feeding].

Dogs with isolated Pavlovian pouches, a gastric fistula according to Basov, and a duodenal fistula were kept on enteral nutrition for 10 days. The nutritive mixture (35 kcal/kg bw) containing protein hydrolysates (2 g), fatty emulsion (2 g), and glucose solution with vitamins (2 g) was administered via a fistula to the intestine by drops daily for 8-9 h and gastric secretion was followed up. Enteral administration of the nutritive mixture stimulated gastric secretion whose intensity depended on the site and rate of its administration.

[Nature of the stimulating action of parenterally administered casein hydrolysate on gastric secretory function].

Experiments on 4 gastric fistula dogs kept on full-value diet were made in an effort to specify the character of the stimulatory action of parenteral caseine hydrolysate (TSOLIPK) on the gastric fundal glands. In the course of administering the solutions similar to individual components of casein hydrolysate into the blood it was established that the secretory effect of the protein hydrolysate is not a consequence of the presence of ammonia contained by the hydrolysate or depends on the humic substances. It is assumed that the stimulatory action of parenteral casein hydrolysate on the gastric fundal glands is determined by the main protein break down products, i.

[Isolation of cholesterol esterase from the pancreatic juice of dogs].

Cholesterol esterase was isolated from canine pancreatic juice by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The preparation obtained was free from detectable proteinase and lipase activity. The cholesterol esterase activity was increased by adding boiled pancreatic juice.

[Gastric secretory function and the energy component of the mixtures used in parenteral feeding].

Experiments on dogs with a gastric fustula and Pavlov's (miniature) isolated pouch, kept on a high-standard mixed ration evidenced that intravenous administration of various substances acts on the fundal gastric glands differently. Some of such substances stimulate the secretion of an acid gastric juice (xylitol and ethyl alcohol), while others are inert in this respect (sorbitol, 1.2-propandiol, 1.

[Pancreatic exocrine secretion to the introduction into the blood of amino acid mixtures of varying composition].

Tests conducted on dogs with a fistula of the pancreatic duct evidenced that various amino acids mixtures containing all the essential amino acids and differing mainly in the replaceable nitrogen dissimilarly act on the external secretion of the pancreas after their introduction into the blood. The most intensive secretion produces a mixture in which the replaceable nitrogen is represented by glycine alone. The mixture, one of its constituent is one of the dicarboxylic acids (glutamic) very poorly stimulates this function.

[Mechanism of action of parenterally administered protein hydrolysates on gastric secretion].

Tests were conducted on dogs with a gastric fistula and removal of the structure associated with the formation of antral gastrin (mucosectomy of the antral portion of the stomach). In another series of experiments use was made of dogs with Basov's fistula, isolated Pavlov's and Haidenhain's pouches. The basic mechanism of action exerted by apparently introduced proteinic hydrolysates on the gastric secretion was found to be of nervous nature.

[The effect of parenteral administration of amino acids and their mixtures the secretory activity of the stomach].

Experiments on dogs with gastric fistula after Basov and Pavlov pouch demonstrated that introduction into the blood by the drip method of solutions of L-amino acids and their mixtures tends to induce gastric secretion. This effect is produced by nonessential acids somewhat more intensively than by essential ones. A complete mixture of amino acids yields the least secretory effect.

[The mechanism of action of parenterally administered protein hydrolysates on the exocrine activity of the pancreas].

In dogs with fistulae of the stomach and the pancreatic duct as well as in dogs with artificially made partition between the stomach and the duodenum, effect of protein hydrolysates administered into the blood, on the pancreas secretion, was shown to manifest itself only in conditions of unopposed transition of the stomach acid contents into the duodenum. In the mechanism of protein hydrolysates action on the pancreas secretion, the major part is played by their ability to stimulate the stomach secretion and the transition of the acid content into the duodenum. Under the influence of the acid contents, release of the secretin occurs in the duodenum which induces the secretion of the pancreatic juice.