[Microbial composition of the activated sludges of the Moscow wastewater treatment plants].

The contribution of the major technologically important microbial groups (ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing, phosphate-accumulating, foam-inducing, and anammox bacteria, as well as planctomycetes and methanogenic archaea) was characterized for the aeration tanks of the Moscow wastewater treatment facilities. FISH investigation revealed that aerobic sludges were eubacterial communities; the metabolically active archaea contributed insignificantly. Stage II nitrifying microorganisms and planctomycetes were significant constituents of the bacterial component of activated sludge, with Nitrobacter spp.

[Regional features of present-day polymorbidity of internal diseases].

Analysis of transnosological and trans-systemic polymorbidity for 2003-2011 in a general therapy clinic included 23310 patients (9111 men and 14199 women). It was supplemented by comparative analysis of morbidity in southern West Siberia and Yakutiya. The assessment was performed for three age groups (16-39, 40-59, over 60 years).

[A novel bacterium carrying out anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a reactor for biological treatment of the filtrate of wastewater fermented residue].

A new genus and species of bacteria capable of ammonium oxidation under anaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrite is described. The enrichment culture was obtained from the Moscow River silt by sequential cultivation in reactors with selective conditions for anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Bacterial cells were coccoid, -0.

[Lipid composition of activated sludge in a pilot plant for anaerobic ammonium oxidation].

The lipid composition of the microbial community inhabiting activated sludge in a pilot reactor for the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) at the Kur'yanovo Treatment Plant (Moscow) has been studied. The fatty acid composition is mostly based on common fatty acids C14-C18 (95%) with both normal and isomeric structures. The biomass of activated sludge was found to contain lipids with the so-called ladderane substances (ladder alcohols and fatty acids) that are common for anammox bacteria: C20-[3]-ladderane and C20-[5]-ladderane alcohols and C18-and C20-[3]-ladderane and C18- and C20-[5]-ladderane acids.

[Serum hormonal levels in diamond-extracting industry workers of Yakutia, with surface and underground type of work].

The authors studied influence of work type (surface or underground) on serum hormonal levels in male workers of "International" mine within diamond-extracting complex of Yakutia-Sakha Republic. The results obtained show compensation and adaptation changes of endocrine system in males engaged into underground work vs. those of surface work.

[The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an organized population].

Triple screening of industrial employees (city of Mirny, West Yakutia) was carried out in 1991-2007 in conformity with the WHO/CINDI protocol designed to elucidate risk factors of chronic non-infectious diseases. The study included 2221 subjects. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on criteria of NCEP-ATP III Program modified in 2005.

[Clinical, metabolic, age-related, and biorhythmologic aspects of daily arterial pressure profiles in patients with arterial hypertension].

The work was designed to study daily arterial pressure (AP) profile in 103 patients aged 20-70 (48.6 +/- 12.) years with grade I-II arterial hypertension and its relation to selected metabolic parameters, heliogeophysical factors and age.

[Effect of chemical chaperones on properties of lysozyme and the reaction center protein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides].

The influence of three chemical chaperones: glycerol, 4-hexylresorcinol, and 5-methylresorcinol on the structure, equilibrium fluctuations, and the functional activity of the hydrophilic enzyme lysozyme and the transmembrane reaction center (RC) protein from Rb. sphaeroides in a broad range of concentrations has been studied. Selected chemical chaperones are strongly different by the structure and action on hydrophilic and membrane proteins.

[Antimicrobic features of phenolic lipids].

The connection between the efficiency of phenolic lipids (PL) and their hydrophobic property (solubility) and hydrophobic property of microorganisms' cell structure is shown. The mixture of amphiphilic di(oxiphenil)-phenil-methanes, which act bacteriostatically under 15 mg/l, possesses maximal efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus. Against Mycobacterium smegmatis with hydrophobic cell wall, hydrophobic 2,4-dialkylocibenzol 70 mg/l was the most effective.

[Heart rate variability in migrants to the North with hypertension comorbid with biliary diseases].

Aim: To study heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with biliary problems and hypertension depending on duration of their life in the North.

Material And Methods: A standardized screening of 1014 workers living in Mirny (Yakutia) according to the WHO/CINDI Euro regional committee program was performed.

Conclusion: With an increase of duration of living in the North patients with biliary diseases combined with arterial hypertension develop disorders of humoral-metabolic regulation mechanisms, increased parasympathetic activity, imbalance of the autonomic nervous system.

[Effect of a synthetic analogue of bacterial anabiosis autoinducers hexylresorcinol on the stability of membrane structures].

The effect of hexylresorcinol (HR), a chemical analogue of microbial anabiosis autoinducers of the alkylhydroxybenzene (AHB) group, on the stability of biological membranes and monolamellar liposomes formed of egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC) was studied. According to spectrophotometry and electron microscopy studying of HR-loaded liposomes in the presence of a surface-active agent Tween 20, the critical ratio between HR and ePC for liposome preservation was found to be close to equimolar. The trends in HR influence on membrane structural organization and stability confirmed in experiments on liposomes were also reproduced on intact bacterial cells explaining non-species-specific effect of AHBs.

[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: age peculiarities, breakthrough in pathogenetic therapy].

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, including non-alcoholic steatohepatosis (NSH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered to be a wide spread disease. Such reasons as metabolic, toxic, infections, alimentary and cryptogenic cause this disease. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex.

[Regulatory effect of microbial alkyloxybenzenes of different structure on the stress response of yeast].

The effect of alkyloxybenzenes (AHBs) belonging to the class of alkylresorcinols differing in the degree of hydrophobicity--C7-AHB and more hydrophobic Cl12-AHB--on the resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to heat shock and oxidative stress of lethal intensity was studied. Depending on structure and concentration, AHB added 2 h before exposure to stress had either an antistress or stress-potentiating effect on yeast cells in the mid-logarithmic growth phase. C7-AHB at concentrations 0.

[Changes in physicochemical properties of proteins, caused by modification with alkylhydroxybenzenes].

Kinetic characteristics of model enzymes and physicochemical properties of globular proteins modified by chemical analogues of low-molecular-weight microbial autoregulators (alkylhydroxybenzenes, AHBs) have been studied. C7 and C12 AHB homologues were used, differing in the length of the alkyl radical and the capacity for weak physicochemical interactions. Both homologues affected the degree of protein swelling, viscosity, and the degree of hydrophobicity.

[Effect of bacterial satellites on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth in an algo-bacterial community].

The growth characteristics of an algo-bacterial community (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and bacterial satellites) were studied, as well as the mechanism and patterns of bacterial effect on algae. Four strains of predominant bacteria were isolated and partially characterized. They were assigned to the following taxa: Rhodococcus terrea, Micrococcus roseus, and Bacillus spp.

[Influence of chemical analogue of extracellular microbial autoregulators on antilysozyme activity of bacteria].

Modifying action of C7-alkyloxybenzol (methylresorcin) on the antilysozyme activity (ALA) of opportunistic microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) was studied. C7-alkyloxybenzol (C7-AOB, methylrezorcin), which was used as chemical analogue of microbial autoregulators, was added to growth medium containing microorganisms, which were cultivated until entered stationary phase. Isolation of clones was performed by seeding of 24-hours broth culture on solid growth medium, and then ALA was measured using photometric method.

[Research on the early stages of spore germination in Bacillus subtilis using dynamic phase microscopy].

The changes in the state of Bacillus subtilis spores that occur during germination were analyzed using dynamic phase microscopy (DPM). DPM is based on monitoring and analyzing the interference image of a specimen in a coherent laser beam. The optical path difference (the phase thickness of the specimen, PT) depends on the geometrical height of the specimen and its refractive index.

[Biofilm--"City of microbes" or an analogue of multicellular organisms?].

The definition of the term "biofilm" and the validity of the analogy between these structured microbial communities and multicellular organisms are discussed in the review. The mechanisms of biofilm formation, the types of interrelations of the components of biofilms, and the reasons for biofilm resistance to biocides and stress factors are considered in detail. The role of biofilms in microbial ecology and in biotechnology is discussed.

[Autoregulation of phenotypic dissiciation in Bacillus licheniformis].

Regulation of phenotypic variability of Bacillus licheniformis mediated by autoinducers of anabiosis, d1-factors was investigated. These factors are represented by alkylhydroxybenzenes. Colonial morphological variants of B.

[Autoregulation of stress response in microorganisms].

Examples are considered of the involvement of low-molecular-weight autoregulators in the development of resistance of proliferating microbial cultures to unfavorable environmental impacts of various intensity, including impacts programmed to occur in the developmental cycle ("new medium stress," starvation stress) and nonprogrammed impacts. It was shown that extracellular adaptation factors control the reversible adhesion of cells in submerged cultures and the processes of cell reactivation in the poststress period and are involved in the stabilization of cellular biopolymers (proteins and DNA) and subcellular structures (membranes); the adaptogens of the phenolic type also act as efficient scavengers of reactive oxygen species. The protective effect of the adaptogenic autoregulators is manifested in the increase of resistance of microbial cells to stressors of various nature and in the preservation of the cell proliferative capacity.

[Adaptive functions of extracellular autoregulators of microorganisms].

Information about the functions of extracellular autoregulators, which adapt microorganisms to the stresses "scheduled" in the development cycle of microbial cultures (stresses of new medium, starvation, or space exhaustion (high cell density)) is summarized in the review. In a number of bacteria and yeasts, derivatives of alkylhydroxybenzenes (AHB), particularly of the class of alkyl resorcinols, act as autoregulators with adaptogenic functions. The chemical structure of AHB determines their amphiphility; capacity for physical and chemical interaction with membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA; properties as natural modifiers of biological membranes and enzymes; and the expression of antioxidant activity.

[Dynamics of the growth and population composition of the mixed cultures of R, S, and M dissociants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The population composition of polycultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa dissociants (R + M and R + S + M) developing on media with various contents and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus has been studied. Irrespective of its proportion (10 to 90%) in the inoculum, the R variant accounted for 65 to 84% of the whole population of linear-phase and stationary-phase binary cultures of R and M dissociants, which differ in terms of energy metabolism and nutritional requirements. After prolonged cultivation, the population in the binary culture contained only R cells (100%), which are characterized by minimum requirements with respect to the main biogenic elements.

[The role of alkylhydroxybenzenes in the adaptation of Micrococcus luteus to heat shock].

The response of the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus to heat shock (45 degrees C, 15 min) and the adaptogenic activity of alkylhydroxybenzenes (AHB), which are extracellular growth-regulating substances of these bacteria, were studied. The perception of stress and the postshock behavior of M. luteus cells proved to depend on the growth phase and medium.