[Light optical and ultrastructural characteristics of human focal cortical dysplasias].

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCD) are one of the most common causes of drug-resistant epilepsy. Morphological changes in the focal cortical dysplasia tissues obtained from epileptic patients during surgical interventions were analyzed. Eleven specimens of the cerebral cortex with FCD areas were explored.

[Trigeminal neuralgia and tentorial dural arteriovenous malformation].

Combination of trigeminal neuralgia and tentorial dural arteriovenous malformation is extremely rare. The authors present a case of 72-year-old male patient who suffered from left-side trigeminal neuralgia. MRI revealed numerous tortuous vessels in the left parapontine region.

[Neurovascular interactions in hemifacial spasm].

The article describes our results of surgical treatment of 37 patients with hemifacial spasm (HS) as well as results of morphological studies of facial nerve root exit zone (REZ). Morphological studies demonstrated that extension of central myelinated zone differed between 0.9 and 3.

[Intrachiasmal hematoma].

This case report describes 41-year-old female who suffered from progressive visual loss due to chiasmal apoplexy. Her neurological examination revealed bitemporal hemianopia without any pathological changes of optic disks. MRI showed round-shape, hyperintensive on T1WI and T2WI lesion inside the chiasm without enhancement after IV contrast administration.

[Microsurgical anterior cervical foraminotomy in spondylogenous cervical radiculopathy].

The authors present the results of microsurgical anterior cervical foraminotomy used in unilateral cervical radiculopathy caused by lateral disc herniation or foraminal stenosis. In 2000 to 2006, anterior cervical foraminotomy was performed at one or two adjacent levels in 44 patients (27 males and 17 females aged 18 to 64 years (mean age 43 years)) with cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. All the patients underwent pre- and postoperative computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional X-ray study.

[Neurinomas of the trochlear nerve].

Trochlear neurinomas are extremely rare. This paper presents 2 cases of surgically treated trochlear neurinomas. In the first case, the tumor occupied the lateral part of the tentorial notch was removed via retromastoidal approach.

[Endoscopic microdiskectomy in the treatment of lumbar disk herniation].

The authors present the results of endoscopic microdiskectomy (EMD) after J. Destandau in the treatment of lumbar disk herniation in 172 patients. After surgery, radicular pain regressed in all the patients.

[Hematoma of the cerebral peduncle].

The paper presents a rare case of surgical treatment for hematoma of the cerebral peduncle in a 30-year-old woman found to have progressive neurological focal disorders due to mesaticephalic and thalamic lesions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a round mass (26 x 3 x 25 mm) in the left cerebral peduncle and thalamus without surrounding edema. The focus showed characteristic signs of subacute parenchymatous hematoma.

[Calcified giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery].

A rare case of calcified giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery is presented. This is a 28-year-old female with seizures and right-sided hemiparesis in whom plain scull films and computed tomography revealed a large calcified lesion (measuring 7.5 x 5.

[The results of trigeminal nucleotractotomy in facial pain].

In 1987 to 1997, open ultrasonic vertical trigeminal nucleotractotomy was performed in 46 patients with drug-resistant facial pain syndromes. There were 29 patients with deafferentation pain, 14 with migraine-induced neuralgia and 3 with trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis. The operation included unilateral suboccipital craniotomy, C1 hemilaminectomy and vertical destruction of the trigeminal nucleus and descending tract with an ultrasonic microsurgical needle.

[A combination of an aneurysm of the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery with agenesis of its trunk].

A case of agenesis of the internal carotid artery with ipsilateral aneurysm of the anterior middle cerebral artery is first described in the literature. This is a 23-year-old male with seizures in whom computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large left paracellular calcified formation. MRI showed no ipsilateral aneurysms of the internal carotid artery and carotid canal.

[Meningioma with a peritumoral abscess].

The paper presents a rare case of meningioma associated with peritumoral abscess formed in a 63-year-old female undergone right nephrectomy for abscessed pyelonephritis and drainage of gluteal abscesses 3 months before admission. Brain computed tomography revealed a left frontotemporal heterogeneous mass lesion with margin contrast accumulation. At surgery, convexity meningioma with peritumoral abscess was totally removed.

[A transmaxillary transnasal approach to tumors of the base of the skull].

The microsurgical transmaxillary transnasal approach provides a wide access to the midline of the skull base. Since 1994 the approach was performed in 11 patients while resecting malignant and benign skull base tumors by involving the cribriform plate, orbit, maxillary and sphenoidal sinuses, nasal cavity, clivus, and cavernous sinus. The technique is suitable for extradural tumors of the skull base and can be combined with transcranial approaches for more extensive lesions.

[The results of microvascular decompression of the accessory nerve in patients with spastic torticollis].

The results of microvascular decompression of accessory nerve in patients with spastic torticollis are reviewed. 40 patients with spastic torticollis were treated. Unilateral microvascular decompression of the XIth cranial nerve were used in 11 cases, lateral in 23 cases.

[Surgical treatment of migrainous neuralgia].

The paper gives the results of surgical management in 18 patients with migrainous neuralgia who underwent 20 surgical interventions. High-frequency transcutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy eliminated pain in 2 of 6 patients. Microsurgical radicular exploration of the trigeminal nerve (1 case) and the intermediate facial nerve (2 cases) revealed no vascular compression of nerve fibers.

[Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of intramedullary tumors].

The data of magnetic resonance imaging in 23 patients is hardly sufficient to characterize the histologic types of intramedullary tumors. However, the presence of cystous type of structure of intramedullary tumors on magnetic tomograms with nonhomogeneous (iso- or hypointensive) signal on T1-suspended tomograms or of hyper- or hypointensive signal on T2-suspended ones is to a great measure indicative of infiltration and diffuse growth of a tumor. A solid structure of intramedullary tumor with homogenous hyperintensive signals on both T1- and T2-dependent tomograms is more frequently indicative of a slowly growing tumor not involving the medulla, e.

[Etiological factors in the trigeminal neuralgia syndrome].

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) accompanies brain tumors, multiple sclerosis and vascular compression of the root of the trigeminal nerve. Among 80 TN examinees, multiple sclerosis, cerebellopontile angle tumors, compression of the root of the trigeminal nerve by arterial and venous vessels were diagnosed in 2.5 and 73 patients, respectively.

[Ultrasonic destruction of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the deafferentation orofacial pain syndrome].

Ultrasonic destruction of the trigeminal spinal nucleus was conducted in 12 patients with the deafferentation orofacial pain syndrome. The etiological factors and clinical manifestations of the deafferentation syndrome are analysed. The surgical techniques of destruction of the trigeminal spinal nucleus and the principles of intraoperative electrophysiological control are described.

[The microsurgical decompression of the accessory nerve in spasmodic torticollis].

Microsurgical decompression of the accessory nerve was conducted in 10 patients with spasmodic torticollis (tonic and tonic-clonic forms). Compression of the roots of the accessory nerve of the posterior inferior cerebellar and the vertebral arteries was discovered. Decompression was accomplished by division of the arachnoid adhesions, anastomosis with sensory roots of C1 and C2, and placing a layer of muscular tissue between the nerve and the vessel.

[The microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root in trigeminal neuralgia].

Microvascular decompression of the root of the trigeminal nerve was carried out in 35 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The principles of the surgical interventions and the intraoperative findings are described. The peculiarities of neurovascular conflict are analysed in comparison with the neurovascular conflict are analysed in comparison with the of the trigeminal root caused by the main trunk and branches of the superior cerebellar artery, the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the superior petrosal vein, relieved pain completely in all cases.

[Stereotaxic myelotomy in the treatment of pain syndromes in gynecologic cancer patients].

The paper is devoted to the problems of pain relief in cancer patients. The authors consider indications for operation, methods and results of stereotaxic myelotomy at the supercervical level of the spinal marrow. Six operations were performed with good results.

[Differentiated high-frequency rhizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia].

The methods and results of high-frequency differentiated rhizotomy in 40 patients with trigeminal neuralgia are discussed. The electrode was positioned precisely in the needed part of the sensory root by means of radiological and electrophysiological control. Stage-by-stage coagulation with obligatory test for sensitivity made it possible to produce analgesia without any marked disorders of tactile sense.

[Beta-endorphin levels in patients with pain syndromes in the areas of the face and head].

Blood plasma beta-endorphin concentrations were measured in 87 patients with various facial and head pain syndromes: trigeminal neuralgia or neuropathy Horner syndrome and migraine, facial autonomic pains. beta-endorphin concentrations were measured before and after treatment. In the groups under investigation, the neuropeptide showed opposite changes in plasma levels after the therapy depending on the type of the syndrome.

[Restriction map of the temperate phage E105 from the polylysogenic culture of Erwinia carotovora 268].

DNA structure of the temperate bacteriophage E105 from polylysogenic culture of Erwinia carotovora 268 has been studied. The viral 29.12-29.

[X-ray diagnosis of syringomyelia].

The results of contrast X-ray examination of 34 patients with syringomyelia are discussed. Air encephalomyelography was performed in all patients and ventriculography and positive myelocisternography of the craniovertebral junction were conducted when indicated. The Arnold-Chiari syndrome was detected in most cases.