The mechanical behavior of bovine spinal cord white matter under various strain rate conditions: tensile testing and visco-hyperelastic constitutive modeling.

The mechanical behavior of the white matter is important for estimating the damage of the spinal cord during accidents. In this study, we conducted uniaxial tension testing in vitro of bovine spinal cord white matter under extremely high strain rate conditions (up to 100 s). A visco-hyperelastic constitutive law for modeling the strain rate-dependent behavior of the bovine spinal cord white matter was developed.

Tensile mechanical analysis of anisotropy and velocity dependence of the spinal cord white matter: a biomechanical study.

In spinal cord injuries, external forces from various directions occur at various velocities. Therefore, it is important to physically evaluate whether the spinal cord is susceptible to damage and an increase in internal stress for external forces. We hypothesized that the spinal cord has mechanical features that vary under stress depending on the direction and velocity of injury.

Compression analysis of the gray and white matter of the spinal cord.

The spinal cord is composed of gray matter and white matter. It is well known that the properties of these two tissues differ considerably. Spinal diseases often present with symptoms that are caused by spinal cord compression.

Age-related changes of the spinal cord: A biomechanical study.

Although it is known that aging plays an important role in the incidence and progression of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), the underlying mechanism is unclear. Studies that used fresh bovine cervical spinal cord report the gray matter of the cervical spinal cord as being more rigid and fragile than the white matter. However, there are no reports regarding the association between aging an tensile and Finite Element Method (FEM).

Mechanism of the spinal cord injury and the cervical spondylotic myelopathy: new approach based on the mechanical features of the spinal cord white and gray matter.

Object: The authors have previously investigated the mechanical properties of the white and gray matter in the bovine cervical spinal cord, demonstrating that the gray matter is more rigid, although more fragile, than the white matter. In the present study they conducted additional tensile tests on the bovine cervical spinal cord by changing strain levels and strain rates applied to the white and gray matter.

Methods: Based on their testing, the authors found the following: 1) Stress within the spinal cord relaxes over time.