Regulation of cytochrome P-450 4A activity by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the rat kidney.

The localization of cytochrome P-450 4A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, and PPARgamma proteins, and the inducibility of P-450 4A expression and activity by PPAR agonists were determined in the rat kidney. The expressions of these proteins in isolated nephron segments were evaluated by immunoblot analysis, and the production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) was measured as P-450 4A activity. P-450 4A proteins were expressed predominantly in the proximal tubule (PT), with lower expression in the preglomerular arteriole (Art), glomerulus (Glm), and medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL), but their expression was not detected in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD).

A dramatic elongation of the lifetime of charge-separated state by complexation with yttrium triflate in ferrocene-anthraquinone linked dyad.

Seven million times elongation of the lifetime of charge-separated state is attained in the presence of yttrium triflate [Y(OTf)3] in the photoinduced electron-transfer reaction of a ferrocene-anthraquinone dyad (Fc-AQ) with a rigid amide spacer in benzonitrile at 298 K as compared with the lifetime in its absence. Such remarkable elongation of the CS lifetime in the presence of Y(OTf)3 results from the strong binding of Y(OTf)3 with the AQ*- moiety of Fc+-AQ*-.

Evaluation of the hepatic reduction of a nitroxide radical in rats receiving ascorbic acid, glutathione or ascorbic acid oxidase by in vivo electron spin resonance study.

Background: A nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), is directly reduced to hydroxylamine by ascorbic acid (AsA). Ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) by ascorbic acid oxidase (AAOx), and DHA is reduced to AsA by glutathione (GSH). In the present study, in vivo and ex vivo reduction of TEMPOL in the rat liver under various conditions of AsA supply was investigated using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer equipped with a surface coil-type resonator.

Binding of oxygen and carbon monoxide to a heme-regulated phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli. Kinetics and infrared spectra of the full-length wild-type enzyme, isolated PAS domain, and Met-95 mutants.

The heme-regulated phosphodiesterase, Ec DOS, is a redox sensor that uses the heme in its PAS domain to regulate catalysis. The rate of O(2) association (k(on)) with full-length Ec DOS is extremely slow at 0.0019 microM(-1) s(-1), compared with >9.

Usefulness of palatal mucoperiosteal grafts for artificial eye socket contracture.

The authors performed palatal mucoperiosteal grafting for contracture of the artificial eye socket in 4 patients. Mucoperiosteal grafts were collected from the paramedian area of the hard palate. After release of contracture, the grafts were sutured with absorbable thread to the defective areas on the conjunctival side of the artificial eye socket after release of contracture.

Long-lived charge-separated state produced by photoinduced electron transfer in a zinc imidazoporphyrin-C(60) dyad.

[reaction: see text] Photoexcitation of a zinc imidazoporphyrin-fullerene dyad with a short linkage results in formation of the charge-separated state by photoinduced electron transfer. The charge-separated state has a lifetime of 310 micros in benzonitrile at 278 K, which is the longest lifetime in solution ever reported for electron donor-acceptor-linked dyads.

A case of exercise-induced acute renal failure in a patient with idiopathic renal hypouricemia developed during antihypertensive therapy with losartan and trichlormethiazide.

Exercise-induced acute renal failure (ARF) developed in a 45-year-old man during antihypertensive therapy with losartan and trichlormethiazide. The antihypertensive therapy was stopped and marked hypouricemia became apparent during improvement of his renal function. The daily urinary excretion of uric acid was normal and an increased fractional excretion of uric acid was observed.

Studies on intra-supramolecular and intermolecular electron-transfer processes between zinc naphthalocyanine and imidazole-appended fullerene.

Spectroscopic, computational, redox, and photochemical behavior of a self-assembled donor-acceptor dyad formed by axial coordination of zinc naphthalocyanine, ZnNc, and fulleropyrrolidine bearing an imidazole coordinating ligand (2-(4'-imidazolylphenyl)-fulleropyrrolidine, C60Im) was investigated in noncoordinating solvents, toluene and o-dichlorobenzene, and the results were compared to the intermolecular electron transfer processes in a coordinating solvent, benzonitrile. The optical absorption and ab initio B3 LYP/3-21G(*) computational studies revealed self-assembled supramolecular 1:1 dyad formation between the ZnNc and C60Im entities. In the optimized structure, the HOMO was found to be entirely located on the ZnNc entity while the LUMO was found to be entirely on the fullerene entity.

Photoinduced electron transfer and electron-mediating systems from aromatic amines to triplet states of C60 and C70 in the presence of a viologen dication.

Photoinduced electron transfer between fullerenes (C60 and C70) and various aromatic amines (AA's) in the absence and presence of a viologen dication has been studied by the transient absorption method in the visible and near-IR regions. Electron-transfer takes place from AA's to the triplet states of fullerenes (3C60* and 3C70*) giving the anion radicals of fullerenes (C60*- and C70*-) and the radical cations of AA's (AA*+). The rate constants and efficiencies of electron transfer are quite high, because of the high electron-donor abilities of AA's as their low oxidation potentials indicate.

Successful replantation of an amputated leg with severe crush and avulsion injury in an elderly patient: case report.

An amputated leg with severe crush and avulsion injury was replanted in a 57-year-old man. Since the skin and soft tissue around the ankle became necrotic 11 days postoperatively, a flow-through forearm free flap was transferred into the defect, preserving the blood circulation to the replanted leg. Seven weeks after the replantation, sural nerve cable grafts were interposed between both amputated edges of the tibial nerve.

Effects of hydrogen bonding on metal ion-promoted intramolecular electron transfer and photoinduced electron transfer in a ferrocene-quinone dyad with a rigid amide spacer.

A ferrocene-quinone dyad (Fc-Q) with a rigid amide spacer and Fc-(Me)Q dyad, in which the amide proton acting as a hydrogen-bonding acceptor is replaced by the methyl group, are employed to examine the effects of hydrogen bonding on both the thermal and the photoinduced electron-transfer reactions. The hydrogen bonding of the semiquinone radical anion with the amide proton in Fc-Q(.-) produced by the electron-transfer reduction of Fc-Q is indicated by the significant positive shift of the one-electron reduction potential of Fc-Q.

Molecular triads composed of ferrocene, C60, and nitroaromatic entities: electrochemical, computational, and photochemical investigations.

Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a series of molecular triads composed of ferrocene, C(60), and nitroaromatic entities are reported. Electrochemical studies revealed multiple redox processes involving all three redox active ferrocene, C(60), and nitrobenzene entities. Up to eight redox couples within the accessible potential window of o-dichlorobenzene containing 0.

Large substituent effect on the photochemical rearrangement of 1,6-(N-Aryl)aza-[60]fulleroids to 1,2-(N-Arylaziridino)-[60]fullerenes.

Large substituent effects were observed in the rates and reaction mechanisms of the photochemical rearrangement of N-arylaza-[60]fulleroid 1 to N-arylaziridino-[60]fullerene 2, in which the difference of the rates between the fastest and the slowest (>2160-fold) was attained only by changing the aryl group from 1-naphthyl to 2-naphthyl. The decreasing order of the reaction rates in relation to the substituents was 1-naphthyl (1b) > 1-pyrenyl (1d) > phenyl (1a) > 2-naphthyl (1c). The reactions proceeded via triplet states of the fulleroids and a triplet sensitization of the reaction by rearranged product 2b was observed in the case of 1b.

Motilin regulates interdigestive gastric blood flow in dogs.

Background & Aims: Gastric blood flow exhibits cyclical increases in phase with the interdigestive contractions and secretion of the stomach in dogs. The aim of this study is to clarify the regulatory role of motilin in interdigestive gastric blood flow in dogs.

Methods: Blood flow of the left gastric (LGA) and superior mesenteric (SMA) arteries were measured by ultrasound transit-time blood-flow meters in 5 conscious dogs.

Free anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap with a fat/fascia extension for reconstruction of tendon gliding surface in severe bursitis of the dorsal hand.

A 72-year-old man had severe bursitis in his left dorsal hand after resection of a ganglion twisted around the extensor tendons. After resection of the bursa, a free anterolateral thigh fascial flap with a skin island was used to fill the dead space and to reconstruct a two-layer gliding surface of the extensor tendons. The extensor tendons were wrapped in the fascial flap with the fat layer inside.

Synthesis and optical limiting properties of axially bridged phthalocyanines: [(tBu4PcGa)2O] and [(tBu4PcIn)2O].

Highly soluble [(tBu(4)PcM)(2)O] phthalocyanine dimers (M=Ga(III) (3), In(III) (4)) were prepared by the reaction of [tBu(4)PcMCl] (M=Ga(III) (1), In(III) (2)) with excess of concentrated H(2)SO(4) at -20 degrees C. The Mbond;Obond;M linkages in 3 and 4 are not stable against concentrated H(2)SO(4) at room temperature, 6 n HCl at reflux, or during isolation under column chromatographic conditions (e.g.

High level of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the latter half of exercise performance during 30-s maximal cycle ergometer sprinting.

The histidine-containing dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been shown to significantly contribute to the physicochemical buffering in skeletal muscles, which maintains acid-base balance when a large quantity of H(+) is produced in association with lactic acid accumulation during high-intensity exercise. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relations among the skeletal muscle carnosine concentration, fiber-type distribution, and high-intensity exercise performance. The subjects were 11 healthy men.

Hydrogen-bonding dynamics in photoinduced electron transfer in a ferrocene-quinone linked dyad with a rigid amide spacer.

A newly designed ferrocene-quinone dyad with an amide space (Fc-Q) is employed to examine formation of the hydrogen bonding in the one-electron reduced form (Q*-) and the dynamics in the photoinduced electron-transfer reaction from the ferrocene to the quinone moiety. Photoexcitation of the Q moiety in Fc-Q in deaerated PhCN with 388 nm results in intramolecular electron transfer from Fc to the singlet excited state of Q to produce Fc+-Q*- without changing the conformation (<1 ps), followed by hydrogen bond formation with the amide proton of the spacer (tau = approximately 5 ps). The resulting radical ion pair decays via a back electron transfer to the ground state at a longer time scale with a rate constant of 2.

Stepwise charge separation and charge recombination in ferrocene-meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer-fullerene triad.

A meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer [(ZnP)(2)] as a light-harvesting chromophore has been incorporated into a photosynthetic multistep electron-transfer model for the first time, including ferrocene (Fc), as an electron donor and fullerene (C(60)) as an electron acceptor to construct the ferrocene-meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer-fullerene system (Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)). Photoirradiation of Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60) results in photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of the porphyrin dimer [(1)(ZnP)(2)] to the C(60) moiety to produce the porphyrin dimer radical cation-C(60) radical anion pair, Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-). In competition with the back electron transfer from C(60)(*-) to (ZnP)(2)(*+) to the ground state, an electron transfer from Fc to (ZnP)(2)(*+) occurs to give the final charge-separated (CS) state, that is, Fc(+)-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)(*-), which is detected as the transient absorption spectra by the laser flash photolysis.