Different psychopathological courses between chronic interictal psychosis and schizophrenia.

Objective: The clinical course of interictal psychosis (IIP) has not yet been investigated. We aimed to compared the psychopathology and time-relevant indices between chronic IIP (CIIP) and schizophrenia (SC) METHODS: In this comprehensive psychopathological study, patients with chronic psychosis with and without epilepsy (127 with CIIP and 187 with SC) were compared. Psychopathology was measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): total, negative symptoms (NSs), positive symptoms (PSs), and anxiety-depressive symptoms (ADSs).

Classification of transient epileptic amnesia attacks: Two types of amnestic seizures, the pure amnesia type and partial amnesia type.

Aim: Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a type of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by recurrent amnesia attacks. In 1998, Zeman et al. proposed the following diagnostic criteria for TEA: (1) recurrent, witnessed episodes of amnesia (TEA attacks); (2) other cognitive functions remain intact during attacks; and (3) evidence of epilepsy.

Chronic non-discriminatory social defeat stress during the perinatal period induces depressive-like outcomes in female mice.

Depression is more prevalent in women than in men. Perinatal stress is one of the main risk factors for depression in women. However, there is no suitable female model for perinatal depression that uses the social defeat stress (SDS) paradigm.

Psychoses after an antiepileptic drug administration: Frequency, timing, and duration.

Objectives: To clarify the pathophysiology of psychoses after the new administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED), we analyzed the annual incidence, timing of development, and duration of episodes.

Methods: Psychotic outcomes in the first 6-month period after an AED or non-AED administration in patients with focal epilepsy were exhaustively reviewed in eight Japanese neuropsychiatry institutions. In cases with psychotic episodes, the subtype of psychosis, timing of development, previous history of psychosis, and duration of the episode were evaluated.

Karyotypic analysis and isolation of four DNA markers of the scleractinian coral (Esper, 1795) (Scleractinia, Anthozoa, Cnidaria).

We performed conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies on the Esper, 1795, a scleractinian coral mostly found along the west coast of Japan. Karyotype analysis of by G-banding revealed a karyogram containing a homogenously staining region (HSR) on chromosome 10 in more than 50% of the examined metaphase spreads. This HSR consisted of sequences from 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA sequencing.

Epilepsy in patients with schizophrenia: Pathophysiology and basic treatments.

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that may lead to epilepsy. However, there are limited findings on the issues. This narrative review aimed to provide a practical perspective on epilepsy in patients with schizophrenia using the current treatment systems for epilepsy.

A proposal for a new clinical entity: transient epileptic amnesia complex syndrome (TEACS).

Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a special type of temporal lobe epilepsy, the main symptom of which is recurrent amnesia attacks. In the late 1990s, Zeman et al. developed the following diagnostic criteria for TEA: (i) recurrent, witnessed episodes of amnesia; (ii) other cognitive functions remain intact during attacks; and (iii) evidence of epilepsy.

Cytogenetic markers using single-sequence probes reveal chromosomal locations of tandemly repetitive genes in scleractinian coral Acropora pruinosa.

The short and similar sized chromosomes of Acropora pose a challenge for karyotyping. Conventional methods, such as staining of heterochromatic regions, provide unclear banding patterns that hamper identification of such chromosomes. In this study, we used short single-sequence probes from tandemly repetitive 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and core histone coding sequences to identify specific chromosomes of Acropora pruinosa.

Individual vulnerabilities to psychosis after antiepileptic drug administration.

Background: Psychosis often develops after the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy. However, the individual vulnerability and clinical condition of such patients have been rarely scrutinised. We investigated the effect of individually consistent (trait-dependent) and inconsistent (state-dependent) characteristics.

Age-dependent decline in remyelination capacity is mediated by apelin-APJ signaling.

Age-related regeneration failure in the central nervous system can occur as a result of a decline in remyelination efficacy. The responsiveness of myelin-forming cells to signals for remyelination is affected by aging-related epigenetic modification; however, the molecular mechanism is not fully clarified. In the present study, we report that the apelin receptor (APJ) mediates remyelination efficiency with age.

System degeneration in an MM1-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease case with an unusually prolonged akinetic mutism state.

Methionine/methionine type 1 (MM1-type) sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), known as the 'classic type,' shows typical clinicopathological sCJD findings. In general, patients reach an akinetic mutism state within a few months of disease onset and die soon after if supportive therapies are not administered. Here, we describe remarkable neuropathologic observations of MM1-type sCJD in a 48-year-old, Japanese man with an unusually prolonged akinetic mutism state.

A case of V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with conspicuous facial mimicry.

Although there have been no reports of facial mimicry in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), we encountered a patient with genetic CJD with prion protein gene codon 180 mutation (V180I gCJD) who apparently showed this interesting clinical finding. The patient was an 87-year-old Japanese woman, and the first observed CJD symptom was poor spontaneity. She gradually showed cognitive dysfunction and subsequently gait disturbance.

Increased frequency of psychosis after second-generation antiepileptic drug administration in adults with focal epilepsy.

Objective: Many studies show psychoses after some antiepileptic drug (AED) administrations (post-AED administration psychoses [PAP]). It remains uncertain about psychogenetic potential of each AED and effects of clinical state factors on PAP. We examined the relations between AED-related factors (types, generations, dosages, and concomitant AED) and PAP.

Autopsied centenarian case of Alzheimer's disease combined with hippocampal sclerosis, TDP-43, and α-synuclein pathologies.

A Japanese woman showed slowly progressive memory disturbance starting at the age of 84 years, and disorientation gradually appeared. Head computed tomography revealed severe hippocampal atrophy, whereas the atrophy of the frontal lobe was considerably mild for her age. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were relatively inconspicuous during the disease course.

Released washed platelet concentrates are effective and safe in patients with a history of transfusion reactions.

Background: Plasma removal by washing is an effective approach to prevent transfusion reactions by platelet concentrates (PCs). Recently, washed PCs were released by the Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of released washed PCs (RWPCs) between September 2016 and January 2017 in Japan.

Pathological diagnosis of combined Alzheimer's disease and argyrophilic grain dementia in a very elderly man who presented with advanced behavioural and psychological symptoms.

This case report describes a Japanese man who presented with slowly progressive memory disturbances that began at the age of 79 years. The man also displayed conspicuous behaviour and psychological symptoms in the early stage of dementia. Computed tomography revealed atrophy of the amygdala and severe hippocampal deterioration, particularly in the anterior portion.

Longitudinal clinical and neuro-radiological findings in a patient with leukoencephalopathy with brain calcifications and cysts (Labrune syndrome).

Since she was 4 years old, the patient had exhibited frequent convulsive seizures, and she experienced severe headaches and depression in adulthood. At the age of 37 years, cerebral calcifications were detected, but she exhibited no cognitive or motor problems. She suffered a cerebral haemorrhage at 49 years old and experienced cognitive dysfunction, dysarthria, dysphagia, and left-hemiparesis as sequelae.

Seizure activity and individual vulnerability on first-episode interictal psychosis in epilepsy.

Objective: Despite a theoretical consensus that interictal psychosis (IIP) is related to various epilepsy-related factors, the impact of seizure activity on development of IIP remains inconclusive. This is the first controlled study using quantitative seizure-activity measures at the onset of IIP.

Methods: One hundred and eighty-one patients with epilepsy who exhibited first-episode IIP (IIP group) and 427 patients with epilepsy without psychotic episodes (control group) were enrolled.