Disorders of Lymphatic Architecture and Flow in Critical Illness.

Objectives: To provide a narrative review of disordered lymphatic dynamics and its impact on critical care relevant condition management.

Data Sources: Detailed search strategy using PubMed and Ovid Medline for English language articles (2013-2023) describing congenital or acquired lymphatic abnormalities including lymphatic duct absence, injury, leak, or obstruction and their associated clinical conditions that might be managed by a critical care medicine practitioner.

Study Selection: Studies that specifically addressed abnormalities of lymphatic flow and their management were selected.

MTCH2 controls energy demand and expenditure to fuel anabolism during adipogenesis.

Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) is a regulator of apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and metabolism. Loss of MTCH2 results in mitochondrial fragmentation, an increase in whole-body energy utilization, and protection against diet-induced obesity. In this study, we used temporal metabolomics on HeLa cells to show that MTCH2 deletion results in a high ATP demand, an oxidized cellular environment, and elevated utilization of lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates, accompanied by a decrease in several metabolites.

Outcomes of Intranodal and Modified Intranodal Lymphangiography for Treatment of Traumatic Chylous Leaks in the Thorax and Neck.

Purpose: To report outcomes, procedure and fluoroscopy times, and adverse event rates after intranodal lymphangiography (IL) and modified IL (mIL) for treatment of traumatic chylous leaks in the thorax and neck.

Methods: Under an IRB-approved protocol, retrospective review of a quality assurance database identified all lymphangiograms for post-surgical refractory chylous leaks in the thorax and neck at a tertiary center from 2002-2022. Records were reviewed for technical and clinical outcomes, procedure and fluoroscopy times, and adverse events.

Osmotic stress in roots drives lipoxygenase-dependent plastid remodeling through singlet oxygen production.

Osmotic stress, caused by the lack of water or by high salinity, is a common problem in plant roots. Osmotic stress can be reproducibly simulated with the application of solutions of the high-molecular-weight and impermeable polyethylene glycol. The accumulation of different reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, accompany this stress.

Phages reconstitute NAD to counter bacterial immunity.

Bacteria defend against phage infection through a variety of antiphage defence systems. Many defence systems were recently shown to deplete cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in response to infection, by cleaving NAD into ADP-ribose (ADPR) and nicotinamide. It was demonstrated that NAD depletion during infection deprives the phage of this essential molecule and impedes phage replication.

ASS1 metabolically contributes to the nuclear and cytosolic p53-mediated DNA damage response.

Downregulation of the urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) in multiple tumors is associated with a poor prognosis partly because of the metabolic diversion of cytosolic aspartate for pyrimidine synthesis, supporting proliferation and mutagenesis owing to nucleotide imbalance. Here, we find that prolonged loss of ASS1 promotes DNA damage in colon cancer cells and fibroblasts from subjects with citrullinemia type I. Following acute induction of DNA damage with doxorubicin, ASS1 expression is elevated in the cytosol and the nucleus with at least a partial dependency on p53; ASS1 metabolically restrains cell cycle progression in the cytosol by restricting nucleotide synthesis.

The molecular mechanism of on-demand sterol biosynthesis at organelle contact sites.

Contact-sites are specialized zones of proximity between two organelles, essential for organelle communication and coordination. The formation of contacts between the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), and other organelles, relies on a unique membrane environment enriched in sterols. However, how these sterol-rich domains are formed and maintained had not been understood.

Mapping the Anatomy of the Human Lymphatic System.

Background:  While substantial anatomical study has been pursued throughout the human body, anatomical study of the human lymphatic system remains in its infancy. For microsurgeons specializing in lymphatic surgery, a better command of lymphatic anatomy is needed to further our ability to offer surgical interventions with precision. In an effort to facilitate the dissemination and advancement of human lymphatic anatomy knowledge, our teams worked together to create a map.

Programming a Ferroptosis-to-Apoptosis Transition Landscape Revealed Ferroptosis Biomarkers and Repressors for Cancer Therapy.

Ferroptosis and apoptosis are key cell-death pathways implicated in several human diseases including cancer. Ferroptosis is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and currently has no characteristic biomarkers or gene signatures. Here a continuous phenotypic gradient between ferroptosis and apoptosis coupled to transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes is established.

Dynamic Contrast-enhanced CT Lymphangiography to Quantify Thoracic Duct Lymphatic Flow.

Background CT lymphangiography has been used to image the lymphatic anatomy and assess lymphatic abnormalities. There is, however, a need to develop a method for quantification of lymphatic flow rate in the thoracic duct (TD). Purpose To develop and validate a TD lymphatic flow measurement technique using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT lymphangiography.

Reduction in metabolic noise reveals rejuvenation following transient severe caloric restriction.

Among land vertebrates, the laying hen stands out due to its great reproductive efficiency: producing an egg daily all year long. This production rate makes the laying hen a special model animal to study the general process of reproduction and aging. One unique aspect of hens is their ability to undergo reproductive plasticity and to rejuvenate their reproductive tract during molting, a standard industrial feed restriction protocol for transiently pausing reproduction, followed by improved laying efficiency almost to peak production.

Fluorescence-guided surgery with indocyanine green to identify an idiopathic chyle leak-case report.

Background: Chylothorax is the leakage of chyle into the pleural space and is associated with up to 50% morbidity. Although, the identification of traumatic chylothoraces is well described, non-traumatic chylothoraxes, mostly idiopathic, present therapeutic challenges as they are difficult to localize. We describe an attempt at localizing and treating an idiopathic chylothorax refractory to conservative and minimally invasive techniques.

2-NBDG Uptake in ovules: exploring tissue-specific accumulation and its impact on hexokinase-mediated glycolysis regulation.

Fluorescent glucose derivatives are valuable tools as glucose analogs in plant research to explore metabolic pathways, study enzyme activity, and investigate cellular processes related to glucose metabolism and sugar transport. They allow visualization and tracking of glucose uptake, its utilization, and distribution within plant cells and tissues. This study investigates the phenotypic and metabolic impact of the exogenously fed glucose derivative, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose) (2-NBDG) on the fibers of (Upland cotton) ovule cultures.

Endocannabinoid basis of personality-Insights from animal model of social behavior.

The endocannabinoid system is known to be involved in learning, memory, emotional processing and regulation of personality patterns. Here we assessed the endocannabinoid profile in the brains of mice with strong characteristics of social dominance and submissiveness. A lipidomics approach was employed to assess the endocannabinoidome in the brains of Dominant (Dom) and Submissive (Sub) mice.

Kynurenic acid, a key L-tryptophan-derived metabolite, protects the heart from an ischemic damage.

Background: Renal injury induces major changes in plasma and cardiac metabolites. Using a small- animal in vivo model, we sought to identify a key metabolite whose levels are significantly modified following an acute kidney injury (AKI) and to analyze whether this agent could offer cardiac protection once an ischemic event has occurred.

Methods And Results: Metabolomics profiling of cardiac lysates and plasma samples derived from rats that underwent AKI 1 or 7 days earlier by 5/6 nephrectomy versus sham-operated controls was performed.

A conserved family of immune effectors cleaves cellular ATP upon viral infection.

During viral infection, cells can deploy immune strategies that deprive viruses of molecules essential for their replication. Here, we report a family of immune effectors in bacteria that, upon phage infection, degrade cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond between the adenine and sugar moieties. These ATP nucleosidase effectors are widely distributed within multiple bacterial defense systems, including cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiviral signaling systems (CBASS), prokaryotic argonautes, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-like proteins, and we show that ATP and dATP degradation during infection halts phage propagation.

Kidney Lymphatics.

Following significant advances in lymphatic biology, the important role of kidney lymphatics in kidney function and dysfunction is now being more fully appreciated. Kidney lymphatics begin in the cortex as blind-ended lymphatic capillaries and then coalesce into larger lymphatics that follow the main blood vessels out through the kidney hilum. Their function in draining interstitial fluid, macromolecules, and cells underpins their important role in kidney fluid and immune homeostasis.

LIS1 RNA-binding orchestrates the mechanosensitive properties of embryonic stem cells in AGO2-dependent and independent ways.

Lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) is associated with neurodevelopmental diseases and is known to regulate the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein activity. Here we show that LIS1 is essential for the viability of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and it governs the physical properties of these cells. LIS1 dosage substantially affects gene expression, and we uncovered an unexpected interaction of LIS1 with RNA and RNA-binding proteins, most prominently the Argonaute complex.