Promotion Effects of Ultrafine Bubbles/Nanobubbles on Seed Germination.

The number concentrations of air UFBs were controlled, approximately, by adjusting the generation time. UFB waters, ranging from 1.4 × 10 mL to 1.

Influence of low O and high CO environment on changes in metabolite concentrations in harvested vegetable soybeans.

Influence of atmosphere and storage period on the physicochemical and biological properties of harvested vegetable soybeans stored for 10 d at 25 °C was investigated. Storing vegetable soybeans under modified atmosphere (low O and high CO), was more effective in maintaining its green color and mass than storing them under normoxia. Principal component 1 (PC1; contribution rate: 25%) was related to the atmospheres, whereas PC2 (contribution rate: 19%) was related to storage period.

Distribution of major xanthones in the pericarp, aril, and yellow gum of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana linn.) fruit and their contribution to antioxidative activity.

Xanthone compounds in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) fruit have been reported to have biological activities including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and the major xanthone compounds in mangosteen are α-mangostin and γ-mangostin. The objectives of this research were to quantify and qualify the major xanthones in each part of the mangosteen fruit with and without yellow gum from the point of view of effective utilization of agricultural product.

Decontamination effect of milling by a jet mill on bacteria in rice flour.

The decontamination effect of milling by a jet mill was investigated by counting the number of bacteria in brown and white rice flour with mean particle diameters of 3, 20, and 40µm prepared by the jet mill. In the jet mill, the particles are crushed and reduced in size by the mechanical impact caused by their collision. Although the brown and white rice grains were contaminated with approximately 10(6) and 10(5) CFU/g bacteria, the microbial load of the rice flour decreased as the mean particle diameter decreased, ultimately decreasing to approximately 104 and 103 CFU/g in the brown and white rice flour.

Modeling of pathogen survival during simulated gastric digestion.

The objective of the present study was to develop a mathematical model of pathogenic bacterial inactivation kinetics in a gastric environment in order to further understand a part of the infectious dose-response mechanism. The major bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. were examined by using simulated gastric fluid adjusted to various pH values.

Effectiveness of superheated steam and gas catalytic infrared heat treatments to inactivate Salmonella on raw almonds.

The majority of the almond-related outbreaks have been associated with Salmonella. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective method to inactivate these organisms on the raw almond before distribution in the market. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of superheated steam (SHS) treatments followed by catalytic infrared (IR) heat treatment to inactivate Salmonella populations on raw almond and to determine the effect of these treatments on the quality of raw almond.

Effectiveness of sanitizers, dry heat, hot water, and gas catalytic infrared heat treatments to inactivate Salmonella on almonds.

The majority of almond-related foodborne outbreaks have been associated with Salmonella. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective method to inactivate these organisms on raw almond prior to market distribution. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of sanitizers (strong or mild electrolyzed water, ozonated water, and distilled water), dry heat treatment, and hot water treatments followed by catalytic infrared (IR) heat treatment to inactivate Salmonella populations on raw almond.

Use of whole crop sorghums as a raw material in consolidated bioprocessing bioethanol production using Flammulina velutipes.

The possibility of using two kinds of sorghum as raw materials in consolidated bioprocessing bioethanol production using Flammulina velutipes was investigated. Enzymatic saccharification of sweet sorghum was not as high as in brown mid-rib (bmr) mutated sorghum, but the amount of ethanol production was higher. Ethanol production from bmr mutated sorghum significantly increased when saccharification enzymes were added to the culture.