Olmesartan ameliorates urinary dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat via recovering bladder blood flow and decreasing oxidative stress.

Purpose: As hypertension (HT) is one of the risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms, we investigated the effect of an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, olmesartan, on bladder dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).

Materials And Methods: Twelve-week-old male SHRs were administered perorally with olmesartan (0, 1, or 3 mg/kg/day) or nifedipine (30 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls.

Effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol in type 2 diabetic rat nephropathy.

We attempted to clarify the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (CHLFA) on the alterations of type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy. Forty-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 to 8 animals. Group A consisted of eight Wistar rats and served as an age-matched control group.

Protective effect of sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on ipsilateral and contralateral testes after unilateral testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, sivelestat sodium hydrate, on testicular ischaemia-reperfusion (IR)-injury.

Material And Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sham-operated control rats; IR rats (group IR); and IR rats that received intra-abdominal administration of 15 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg sivelestat (group IR15 and group IR60, respectively). Right testicular vessels were clamped for 90 min in groups IR, IR15 and IR60.

The role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel on acute urinary retention and subsequent catheterization in the rat.

We investigated the role of K(ATP) channel on acute urinary retention (AUR) induced bladder dysfunction. Eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: a sham-operated control group, an AUR group, and five AUR groups treated with: two different K(ATP) channel openers namely nicorandil (3 or 10mg/kg), or cromakalim (100 or 300microg/kg), or one K(ATP) channel inhibitor namely glibenclamide (5mg/kg). The drugs were administered 30min before induction of AUR.

Protective effect of edaravone, a free-radical scavenger, on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of edaravone, a radical scavenger, on ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in the testes.

Materials And Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to one of four groups: a no-drug group subjected to induction of 30-min of ischaemia and 60-min reperfusion; two drug groups administered edaravone at 1 or 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal and then subjected to 30-min ischaemia and 60-min reperfusion; and a sham-operated control group administered edaravone at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal. To induce testicular I-R, the right testis was exposed outside of the body and the testicular artery was clamped with a small clip for 30 min.

Ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning to decrease testicular torsion-detorsion injury.

Purpose: The main pathophysiology of torsion-detorsion is associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury in the testis caused by the twisted spermatic cord and its release. It is most likely mediated by oxygen free radicals. We investigated the effects of ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning on rat testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Bladder dysfunction after acute urinary retention in the rats: a novel over active bladder model.

As there is increasing evidence that benign prostatic hyperplasia and its related acute urinary retention (AUR) induce over active bladder (OAB) syndrome, we investigated the effects of AUR on bladder function over a 4-week period in a rat model. Ten-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. AUR was induced by clamping the distal urethra of each rat with a small clip, and then infusing 3 ml (0.

Endothelial dysfunction in the early- and late-stage type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat aorta.

As there are increasing evidences that human diabetes induces cardiovascular dysfunction, we investigated the type-2 diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction in the early and late-stage Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat aorta. We performed organ bath studies, and examined the changes in expression levels of muscarinic M(3) receptor, endothelial, inducible, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS, respectively) mRNAs in the rat aorta utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction in 12-week-old and 70-week-old GK rats as well as in age-matched Wistar rats. In the 12-week-old GK rat aorta, a significant increase in norepinephrine-induced contraction and a significant decrease in acetylcholine-induced relaxation as well as significant increases in expression levels of muscarinic M(3) receptor and eNOS and a significant decrease in nNOS mRNAs were observed compared to age-matched controls.

Acute urinary retention and subsequent catheterization cause lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage in the bladder: preventive effect of edaravone, a free-radical scavenger.

Objective: To investigate the effect of a free-radical scavenger, edaravone, on the changes occurring with acute urinary retention (AUR) and subsequent catheterization in the rat bladder.

Materials And Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to one of four groups; an AUR group that had urinary retention induced, with subsequent catheterization; two edaravone groups, given edaravone at 1 or 10 mg/kg body weight for 60 min and then the same urinary retention and subsequent catheterization; and a sham-operated control group given edaravone 10 mg/kg. Urinary retention was induced by the clamping the rat penile urethra with a small clip, making a cystostomy, and then infusing 3 mL (0.

Characterization of the ileal muscarinic receptor system in 70-week-old type II Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rats; effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol.

As gastrointestinal motility disorders are frequently reported in patients with diabetes, we attempted to clarify the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol in type 2 Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic enteropathy. At 40 weeks of age male GK rats divided into three groups (treated with 0, 2 or 8 mg/kg of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol; started at the age of 40 weeks). Age-matched male Wistar rats were used in this study.

Pharmacological properties, functional alterations and gene expression of muscarinic receptors in young and old type 2 Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rat bladders.

Purpose: We investigated pharmacological properties, functional alterations and gene expression of the muscarinic receptor system in young and old Goto-Kakizaki rat bladders.

Materials And Methods: Male 12 and 70-week-old Goto-Kakizaki rats and age matched male Wistar rats were used in this study. Bladder function was estimated by voiding behavior, cystometric and functional studies using KCl, carbachol and various concentrations of subtype selective muscarinic antagonists, ie pirenzepine, methoctramine, 4-DAMP (Sigma) and atropine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan).

N-hexacosanol prevents diabetes-induced rat ileal dysfunction without qualitative alteration of the muscarinic receptor system.

We evaluated the effects of N-hexacosanol, a cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol, on muscarinic receptors in diabetic rat ileal dysfunction. Eight-week-old male SD rats were divided into four groups. After induction of diabetes (streptozotocin 50 mg/kg, i.

Beneficial effect of preconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat bladder in vivo.

We investigated the effect of preconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat bladder. Rat abdominal aorta was clamped with a small clip to induce ischemia-reperfusion injury in the bladder. Twelve-week-old male SD rats were divided into three groups; sham-operated control (Cont), 30 min ischemia-60 min reperfusion (IR) and three times of 5 min ischemia and then 30 min ischemia-60 min reperfusion (PC) groups.

Cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol has therapeutic effects on diabetes-induced angiopathy in the rat aorta.

We studied the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on diabetes-induced angiopathy in the rat aorta. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, a control group and 3 other groups in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.p.

Preventive effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol on diabetic cystopathy in the rat.

In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of n-hexacosanol on diabetes-induced bladder dysfunction in the rat. Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering an injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.

N-hexacosanol reverses diabetic induced muscarinic hypercontractility of ileum in the rat.

Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with development of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy. N-hexacosanol has neurotrophic effects and exhibits a wide variety of biological actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on streptozotocin-diabetic hypercontractility in the rat ileum longitudinal muscles.

N-hexacosanol ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat nephropathy.

In this study we investigated the effects of N-hexacosanol on streptozotocin-induced rat diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were divided into four groups and maintained for 8 weeks: control rats, diabetic rats without treatment with N-hexacosanol, and diabetic rats treated with N-hexacosanol (2 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg i.

Ability of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol to reverse diabetes-induced cystopathy in the rat.

Objectives: We investigated the ability of 3-(15 hydroxypentadecyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen 1-one (N-hexacosanol), a neurotrophic substance, to reverse diabetes-induced cystopathy in the rat.

Materials And Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four age-matched groups. In three of these groups, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 50mg/kg intraperitoneal [IP]).

Real-time monitoring of nitric oxide and blood flow during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat testis.

In the present study, we attempted to clarify the role of nitric oxide (NO) and its release during the ischemia-reperfusion rat testis. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: age-matched control rats, ischemia (30 minutes)-reperfusion (30 minutes) rats without NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and L-arginine (L-Arg) treatment, ischemia (30 minutes)-reperfusion (30 minutes) rats treated with L-NAME (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), ischemia-reperfusion rats treated with L-Arg (10 and 30 mg/kg). Sixty minutes prior to induction of ischemia, L-NAME or L-Arg was administrated intraperitoneally.

General administration of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol ameliorates hyperreactivity of STZ-induced diabetic rat aorta.

Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with the development of vascular dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy. We studied the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (FA) on streptozotocin-diabetic hyperreactivity in the rat aorta smooth muscle. The rats were divided randomly into four groups and were maintained for 4 weeks: age-matched control rats, diabetic rats without treatment with FA, and diabetic rats treated with FA (2 and 8 mg/kg, i.

Effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol on diabetic rat trachea.

In order to investigate the diabetes-associated neuropathy and prevent effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol, a neurotrophic substance, in trachea, we studied its effect on streptozotocin-diabetic hyper-reactivity in the rat trachea. Diabetes was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were divided randomly into four groups and were maintained for four weeks: age-matched control rats, diabetic rats without treatment with cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol, and diabetic rats treated with cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (2 and 8 mg/kg, i.