Differences in flaA gene sequences, swimming motility, and biofilm forming ability between clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas species.

The flagellin A gene (flaA) sequences, swimming motility, and biofilm forming ability were investigated in order to reveal the genetic and functional differences of flagella between clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas species. Twenty-eight clinical and 48 environmental strains of Aeromonas species isolated in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan were used in this study. The full-length flaA genes of these strains were sequenced and aligned, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.

Analysis of the upstream genetic structures of the ISEcp1-bla transposition units in Escherichia coli isolates carrying bla obtained from the Indonesian and Vietnamese communities.

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have been found in healthy individuals in Indonesia and Vietnam. The ISEcp1-bla transposition unit of ESBL-producing bacterial isolates has been considered responsible for the production of CTX-M type ESBL and it is important for the dissemination of bla . This study aimed to characterize the upstream genetic structure (UGS) of E.

Occurrence of Carriage of Multidrug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Pregnant Women in the Primary Health Center and Hospital Setting in Surabaya, Indonesia.

The incidence of healthy individuals carrying multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), especially extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL-EC) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing (ESBL-KP), is increasing worldwide. Although ESBL-E causes early or late onset of neonatal sepsis, the prevalence of ESBL-E carriage among pregnant women in Indonesia is not clear. In the present study, we compared the occurrence of carriage of ESBL-E among pregnant women in a primary health center (PHC) versus two hospitals.

A high-throughput sequencing determination method for upstream genetic structure (UGS) of ISEcp1-bla transposition unit and application of the UGS to classification of bacterial isolates possessing bla.

Introduction: Because bla is responsible for resistance of bacteria to the third generation cephalosporins, location of bla could be a good indicator for classifying bacterial isolates harboring bla in molecular epidemiology. However, determination of bla location has been difficult when multiple copies of ISEcp1 were found on bacterial genome. We aimed to establish a high-throughput analytical method for upstream genetic structures (UGS) of ISEcp1 to facilitate determination of bla location.

Differential effects of chromosome and plasmid bla genes on antibiotic susceptibilities in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infection.

Objectives: To compare antibiotic susceptibilities between chromosomal and plasmid bla locations in urinary tract infection-causing extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli bla isolated in Indonesia.

Methods: A total of 84 strains identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing E. coli were isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Indonesia in 2015.

High Prevalence of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli with Chromosomally Carried in Healthy Residents in Vietnam.

The wide distribution of colistin-resistant bacteria in developing countries has become a common phenomenon. To understand the mechanisms underlying their distribution, we studied the genetic background of colistin-resistant isolates from the fecal microbiota of healthy human residents from a community in Vietnam with a high prevalence of colistin-resistant with Fifty-seven colistin-resistant isolates were obtained from 98 residents; one isolate was collected from each individual and analyzed for We found that 36.8% of the isolates carried chromosomal Further, 63.

Characterization of bla transposition from plasmid to chromosome in Escherichia coli experimental strain.

Mostly, bla is found on transferable plasmids as a component of the bla transposition unit containing an insertion sequence, ISEcp1, which exists on the upstream region of blas. Several recent studies conducted in clinical and community settings have reported the presence of chromosomally located bla in extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial isolates. In this study, we observed the frequency and molecular nature of the ISEcp1-mediated transposition of bla from a plasmid to a chromosome by using an experimental strain of Escherichia coli.

A survey of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in environmental water in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan and relationship with indicator organisms.

Surveys of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-pE) in stream water and untreated wastewater were carried out in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Thirty-six samples of water were collected from 18 streams in Okinawa Prefecture, as well as ten samples of wastewater flowing into four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We investigated bacterial species, Escherichia coli O antigen, ESBL phenotype, ESBL genotype, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type of isolates, and total viable count and fecal coliforms as indicator organisms.

Characterisation of chromosomally-located bla and its surrounding sequence in CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates.

Objectives: Although it has been regarded that the CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene bla is mainly carried by antimicrobial resistance plasmids, Escherichia coli possessing chromosomally-located bla has been reported in previous studies. This study aimed to characterise the genetic structure of the chromosomally-located bla transposition unit and its surrounding sequence in ESBL-producing E. coli isolated in a Japanese hospital.

Characterization of CTX-M type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from asymptomatic healthy individuals who live in a community of the Okinawa prefecture, Japan.

This study was performed to characterize CTX-M type extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage in asymptomatic health individuals, which has not been well investigated, in a community of the Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Fecal samples were voluntary collected from asymptomatic healthy individuals who were going to take a routine medical checkup. The collected fecal samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 μg/ml of cefotaxime and incubated at 37 °C.

Potential transmission opportunity of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli on a large-scale chicken farm in Vietnam.

Objectives: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have disseminated worldwide. This study investigated bla-positive E. coli on a large-scale Vietnamese chicken farm and analysed whether there was any difference in prevalence and molecular characteristics of bla-positive E.

Sanitary evaluation of domestic water supply facilities with storage tanks and detection of Aeromonas, enteric and related bacteria in domestic water facilities in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan.

To provide for temporary restrictions of the public water supply system, storage tanks are commonly installed in the domestic water systems of houses and apartment buildings in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan. To learn more about the sanitary condition and management of these water supply facilities with storage tanks (hereafter called "storage tank water systems") and the extent of bacterial contamination of water from these facilities, we investigated their usage and the existence of Aeromonas, enteric and related bacteria. Verbal interviews concerning the use and management of the storage tank water systems were carried out in each randomly sampled household.

Distribution of Aeromonas species in environmental water used in daily life in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

Objectives: The genus Aeromonas is known to causes diseases such as food poisoning, sepsis, and wound infection. However, the mode of Aeromonas transmission from environment to humans is not clearly understood. To evaluate the health risks of Aeromonas spp.

Current status of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis in Okinawa prefecture, Japan.

Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) are distributed worldwide. In this study, 114 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were isolated by analyzing 1672 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae collected from an Okinawa prefectural hospital in Japan between June 2013 and July 2014. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 6.

Antibody with an engineered Fc region as a therapeutic agent against dengue virus infection.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infectivity is thought to play a crucial role in severe dengue disease. It occurs when pre-existing sub-neutralizing anti-DENV antibody (Ab) produced from a primary infection encounters a DENV serotype different from that of the initial infection and forms immune complexes, which enable the efficient infection of Fcγ receptor-bearing cells. However, the exact role played by Abs during a secondary infection of patients remains unknown.

Carriage of Escherichia coli Producing CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Healthy Vietnamese Individuals.

Healthy carriage of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was examined by thrice collecting fecal samples from the same 199 healthy Vietnamese subjects every 6 months. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), identical PFGE patterns throughout the three samplings were not observed, although prevalence of E. coli in the subjects was around 50% in the three samplings.

Evaluation of a Method Using Three Genomic Guided Escherichia coli Markers for Phylogenetic Typing of E. coli Isolates of Various Genetic Backgrounds.

Genotyping and characterization of bacterial isolates are essential steps in the identification and control of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Recently, one novel genotyping method using three genomic guided Escherichia coli markers (GIG-EM), dinG, tonB, and dipeptide permease (DPP), was reported. Because GIG-EM has not been fully evaluated using clinical isolates, we assessed this typing method with 72 E.

Limited transmission of bla(CTX-M-9)-type-positive Escherichia coli between humans and poultry in Vietnam.

We examined whether Escherichia coli isolates that produce CTX-M-9-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are transferred between humans and chickens in a Vietnamese community. The phylogenetic group compositions, sequence types, antimicrobial resistance profiles, the prevalence of plasmid antibiotic resistance genes, and the plasmid replicon types generally differed between the human and chicken E. coli isolates.

Wide dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in community residents in the Indochinese peninsula.

Recent studies have reported a widespread distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, not only in the nosocomial setting, but also in the community; some local communities in Southeast Asia have been reported to show a high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria. However, the details regarding the quantitative/qualitative state of ESBL-producing bacterial spread in Southeast Asia are currently unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the state of ESBL-producing bacterial spread in community residents from the Indochinese peninsula, as a representative region of Southeast Asia.

A highly conserved region between amino acids 221 and 266 of dengue virus non-structural protein 1 is a major epitope region in infected patients.

The immune response to dengue virus (DENV) infection generates high levels of antibodies (Abs) against the DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1), particularly in cases of secondary infection. Therefore, anti-NS1 Abs may play a role in severe dengue infections, possibly by interacting (directly or indirectly) with host factors or regulating virus production. If it does play a role, NS1 may contain epitopes that mimic those epitopes of host molecules.

Detection of chromosomal blaCTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli O25b-B2-ST131 isolates from the Kinki region of Japan.

Escherichia coli O25b-B2-ST131 isolates harbouring bla(CTX-M-15) are distributed worldwide. The bla(CTX-M-15) transposition unit has often been found on plasmids and the genetic contexts have been examined; however, less is known about the frequency and contexts of the bla(CTX-M-15) transposition unit on the chromosome. This study was performed to determine the chromosomal location of the bla(CTX-M-15) transposition unit and to analyse the molecular structure of the region surrounding the bla(CTX-M-15) transposition unit in E.