Evaluating survival outcomes and treatment recommendations in resectable gastric cancer.

No consensus exists on the optimal therapy for resectable gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) tumors, including the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy versus perioperative chemotherapy (PC). Our study aimed to compare overall survival (OS) outcomes associated with the recommended treatment modalities for GC and GEJ tumors and evaluate treatment trends from 2010 to 2020. A national registry cohort identified patients with ≥ cT2 nonmetastatic GC and GEJ cancer.

Gender differences in self-reported participation in ultrasound-guided procedures: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Across multiple procedural specialties, female trainees tend to perform fewer procedures and receive less autonomy than their male counterparts. However, there is currently no data on procedure contribution levels for radiology trainees.

Objective: To evaluate whether there was a difference in the degree of reported participation in ultrasound-guided procedures between male and female trainees at our institution.

CT Angiography of the Upper Extremities: Review of Acute Arterial Entities.

Historically, evaluation of the upper extremity vasculature was performed using digital subtraction angiography. With the advancement of cross-sectional imaging and submillimeter isotropic data acquisition, CT angiography (CTA) has become an excellent noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluation of the vasculature of the upper extremities. CTA allows quick evaluation of vessel patency and irregularity and achievement of the anatomic detail needed in preoperative planning.

Biliary complications of surgical procedures: what the radiologist needs to know.

Post-surgical biliary complications increase morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Early detection and management of biliary complications is thus of great clinical importance. Even though the overall risk for biliary complications is low after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, post-cholecystectomy biliary complications are frequently encountered in clinical practice as laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in the United States.

Image-guided renal parenchymal biopsies- how we do it.

This paper is a multi-institutional review of image-guided renal parenchymal biopsies. Among the topics covered are indications, preprocedural considerations, biopsy technique, complications, and postprocedural management. Both native kidney and transplant kidney biopsies are considered in this review.

Pharmacological inhibition of P2RX4 receptor as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent intracranial aneurysm formation.

Intracranial aneurysms (IA) affect 1-5 % of the population and are a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thus, preventing IA development and progression is crucial for public health. IA has been considered a non-physiological, high shear stress-induced chronic inflammatory disease affecting the bifurcation site of the intracranial arteries.

[Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture].

Intracranial aneurysms, a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), pose a significant social burden due to their poor patient outcomes. Recent studies, including those using animal models, have shed light on a new disease concept: intracranial aneurysms as a chronic inflammatory disease. This process is triggered by abnormal hemodynamic forces and mediated by immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils.

Gallbladder and biliary pathology: lessons learned from multidisciplinary conference.

The radiologic diagnosis of biliary disease can be challenging due to atypical or delayed presentation, rare or less common entities, and imaging overlap of benign and malignant processes. Establishing a specific diagnosis, when possible, is important to avoid progression of infections to sepsis and multiorgan failure, and for appropriate staging and management in cases of malignancy. Gallstones are the most common biliary disease, and along with stone-related complications, including cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis, constitute the majority of acute biliary pathology.

PET/MRI: pictorial review of hepatobiliary and pancreatic applications.

PET and MRI both play valuable roles in the management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) malignancies. Simultaneous PET/MRI combines the excellent soft-tissue resolution and anatomic details from MRI with functional information from PET in a single comprehensive examination. MRI is the main imaging modality in evaluating HCC, playing important roles in screening, characterization, local extent, and evaluating tumor response, whereas F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET can help evaluate for lymph node involvement and metastatic disease.

Nonvisualized Ovaries on Ultrasound: Correlation With Surgical Pathology.

The risk of malignancy in nonvisualized ovaries on pelvic ultrasound is presumed to be close to zero per imaging correlation; the goal of this manuscript is to define the risk of malignancy in nonvisualized ovaries on pelvic ultrasound as defined by surgical pathology. Records for patients with pelvic ultrasound and surgical pathology containing the word "ovary" or "ovaries" performed at our institution between 10/1/2015 and 9/30/2021 were reviewed. Data for ovarian visualization were extracted from the radiology report and correlated with surgical pathology results within each ovary.

JNK2-MMP-9 axis facilitates the progression of intracranial aneurysms.

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) can cause subarachnoid hemorrhage or some other hemorrhagic stroke after rupture. Because of the poor outcome in spite of the intensive medical care after the onset of hemorrhage, the development of a novel therapeutic strategy like medical therapy to prevent the progression of the disease becomes a social need. As the reduction of arterial stiffness due to the degeneration of the extracellular matrix via Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) becomes one of the central machineries leading to the progression of IAs through a series of studies, factors regulating the expression or the activity of MMPs could be a therapeutic target.

Quantitative Assessments of Tumor Activity in a General Oncologic PET/CT Population: Which Metric Minimizes Tracer Uptake Time Dependence?

In oncologic PET, the SUV and standardized uptake ratio (SUR) of a viable tumor generally increase during the postinjection period. In contrast, the net influx rate ( ), which is derived from dynamic PET data, should remain relatively constant. Uptake-time-corrected SUV (cSUV) and SUR (cSUR) have been proposed as uptake-time-independent, static alternatives to Our primary aim was to quantify the intrascan repeatability of , SUV, cSUV, SUR, and cSUR among malignant lesions on PET/CT.

The potential of disulfiram as a drug to improve the prognosis after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of intracranial aneurysms has a poor outcome, making this disease being the social problem. Inflammation evoked by the increase in intracranial pressure and the clot in the subarachnoid space after the onset of SAH exacerbates neuronal death and vasospasm, resulting in the poor outcome and severe aftereffects. Here, FROUNT mediates CCR2 and CCR5 signaling as an intracellular molecule binding to these chemoattractant receptors which facilitate the migration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, in situ to trigger inflammation there.

The silent epidemic: Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors among hospitalized patients.

Background And Study Aims: There is an increasing trend to inappropriately prescribe proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in different clinical settings despite the reported adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of potentially inappropriate use of PPIs and its associated risk factors among hospitalized patients, at pre-admission and discharge and (2) the prevalence of valid indications of PPIs use without prescription.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed at a single center, examining the records of patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the Family Medicine inpatient service over a one-year period.

Development and Progression of Polyneuropathy Over 5 Years in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background And Objectives: There is a need for knowledge regarding the natural course of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), a complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to examine the development of DPN over time.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed T2D, recruited from a national cohort, and controls without diabetes of similar age and sex, underwent sensory phenotyping in 2016-2018.

Impact of DAA Treatment for HCV on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Predominately African American Population.

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that our predominately AA medical center population would demonstrate a decline in HCV-driven HCC diagnosis following the initiation of DAA treatment in 2014. Also evaluated was whether achieving an SVR prior to diagnosis of HCC improved outcomes in patients who had an HCV diagnosis after completion of treatment.

Methods: All patients with HCC seen at the Detroit Medical Center from 2009 to 2021 were identified using ICD-10 codes, and medical records were evaluated.

Biomarker Testing Disparities in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Importance: Among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), data are limited on disparate biomarker testing and its association with clinical outcomes on a national scale.

Objective: To evaluate the socioeconomic and demographic inequities in microsatellite instability (MSI) and KRAS biomarker testing among patients with mCRC and to explore the association of testing with overall survival (OS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study, conducted between November 2022 and March 2024, included patients who were diagnosed with mCRC between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017.

Off the wall: incidental paraspinal and pelvic muscle pathology on abdominopelvic imaging.

As the use of cross-sectional abdominal and pelvic imaging has increased exponentially in the past several decades, incidental musculoskeletal findings have become commonplace. These are often unrelated to the indication for the examination and are frequently referred to as the "radiologist's blind spot" on these studies. The differential diagnosis for abnormalities of the paraspinal and pelvic musculature is, in many cases, quite different from the anterior abdominal wall muscles.

Ultrasound of palpable lesions: a pictorial review.

Ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of superficial palpable lesions. A large proportion of these lesions have characteristic sonographic appearance and can be confidently diagnosed with US without the need for biopsy or other intervention. The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound (SRU) recently published a Consensus Conference Statement on superficial soft tissue masses.

Evaluating the Change in F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Perianal Fistulas on PET/CT over Time: A Serial Retrospective Analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: Perianal fistulas onF-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) can be an incidental site of FDG uptake in patients undergoing PET for other indications. There are no longitudinal studies describing FDG uptake patterns in perianal fistulas. Therefore, we aimed to analyze changes in FDG uptake over time in patients with incidental perianal fistulas.

Patlak Slope versus Standardized Uptake Value Image Quality in an Oncologic PET/CT Population: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Patlak slope (PS) images have the potential to improve lesion conspicuity compared with standardized uptake value (SUV) images but may be more artifact-prone. This study compared PS versus SUV image quality and hepatic tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) at matched time points. Early and late SUV and PS images were reconstructed from dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) data.

Dietary High Salt Intake Exacerbates SGK1-Mediated T Cell Pathogenicity in L-NAME/High Salt-Induced Hypertension.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) activates Th17 and dendritic cells in hypertension by stimulating serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), a sodium sensor. Memory T cells also play a role in hypertension by infiltrating target organs and releasing proinflammatory cytokines. We tested the hypothesis that the role of T cell SGK1 extends to memory T cells.

Inflammatory and Malignant Uptake Along Crohn Perianal Fistula on 18 F-FDG.

Inflammatory increased metabolic activity was discovered in the left anal canal on an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan performed for initial staging of anal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with history of perianal Crohn disease. This increased uptake was due to a complex intersphincteric perianal fistula with supralevator extension, with a secondary, contiguous, superficial focus of squamous cell carcinoma at the anal verge that was identified on an MRI performed on the same day.